Graduation Speech: Lift Up Your Eyes :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Here, in this days waning light, we are gathered to commemorate the graduation of County broad(prenominal) tames Class of 2012 and as this evenings setting sun descends beyond our horizon, the sun is, moreover, setting on our tenure as students at County High School. Just as day gives way to night, high school must give way to a new-made phase of life, one that introduces an abundance of responsibilities and brings with it considerable possibilities. Alexander Graham Bell once stated, When one door closes another door opens but we so often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door that we do not see the ones which open for us. In this momentous transition from high school to college, vocational training, employment and the arm forces, dwell not on the life being left behind but look instead to future residences, friendships and accomplishments. Memories are everlasting. In these final hours, key fruit the pictures in your mind of everything and everyone you wish neve r to forget. Encapsulated in the brain, the happiest moments of your life and the faces of loved ones exist in eternal illumination unaffected by this days dimming light. So when this sun finally falls below the horizon, look not to the darkness left in its absence. Turn your back on the void, empty alternate and look to the East, for it promises a new day. In the steadfast vigil for tomorrows rising sun, acknowledge the hopes and dreams you harbor deep within. In the light of the new day dawning, find the strength and courage to pursue your throw destiny. As Albert Einstein said, Few are those who see with their own eyes and feel with their own hearts. Approach tomorrow with bravery. Allow your goals to guide you. Shield yourself with unwavering determination and fight to achieve your each and every dream.

gatcolor Color Symbols and Symbolism in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Color Symbolism in The Great Gatsby        Colors can symbolize many different things.  Artists use colours in their paintings when they  ask you to see what they are trying to express.  Like if an artist is trying to express sorrow or death he often uses blacks blues, and grays basic every(prenominal)y he uses olive-drab twines.  You automatically feel what the artist is trying to express.  When the artist uses bright colors you feel warm and you feel happiness.  In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald is like an artist.  He uses colors to symbolize the many different intangible ideas in the book.  He uses the color yellow to symbolize moral decay decadence and death. Then he uses the color white to symbolize innocence.  He also uses the color green to express hope.  Fitzgeralds use of the color green the strongest. Although these are non the only colors that Fitzgerald uses for symbolism, they are the ones that he expresses the most.  This book is a very colorful book in the sense that it uses colors to cover so many different aspects of peoples lives.         Fitzgerald uses the color yellow to symbolize moral decay.  On (Page 18) he writes The lamp-light, bright on his boots and dull on the autumn-leaf yellow of her hair.  He is talking about Tom and Jordan Baker, and he is suggesting that tom might be heading for moral decay.  In the book there are several things that Tom does that might prove this.  First of all Tom is having an affair with Myrtle Wilson.  A second thing is that he does not like Gatsby, and several times he tries to prove that he is not who he says he is.  Tom even hires a detective to prove this.  Gatsby had  a Rolls Royce that was yellow His station wagon scampered like a yellow brisk-bug . . .  (Page 39).  Gatsbys simple machine was referred to many times in the book, but it was always referred to as The yellow car (Page 157).         The color yellow was used most frequently when there was a death.  One of the first things that Fitzgerald wrote about when Myrtle died was when they laid her on a table in the garage.

Free Will in Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange Essay -- Free Will Bu

Is it better to be a man choosing wrong than a man who is forced to choose reform?In the classic novel, A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess, a theme emerges. This is the theme of free leave. Through the main character, Alex, Burgess is able to convey his ideas close to free will and the oppressive nature of establishments such as governments and the media. Aside from these suggestions made by Burgess the question persists When a man ceases to choose, is he quieten a man?Free will is one of the features that separates us as humans from animals and allows us to attain intelligent thought and reasoning. Of course, all of the features mentioned are anomalous to humans the ability to exercise free will enables us to engage in all other aspects that are unique to human life. For example, if we were not effrontery free will, then we could not choose to act upon our reasoning achieved through intelligent thought. We see this when a priest in the book makes the statement when a man ce ases to choose, he ceases to be a man (Burgess 67). So the answer to the question at hand, according to Burgess, is yes. A man does lose his personhood when his free will is taken. In the novel, a totalitarian rehabilitation is forced upon the main character and he is unable to choose whether or not to participate in the violent behavior he once adored. A human being is endowed with free will. He can use this to choose between good and evil. If he can only perform good or only perform evi...

The Internet Beyond Human Control :: essays research papers

The cyberspace Beyond Human ControlThe net income has started to change the focus of the world during this decade.More homes, companies, and schools are getting hooked online with the Internetduring the past few years. This change has started to become the new way of bearing pre direct and future. The Internet system is so advanced it is ahead of ourtime. This system is becoming predominately used everyday, but every which wayit works out this system ends up in a negative way.The Internet System has started to migrate in many schools. The domesticates that arehooked online are mostly colleges. This is because the Internet is capable offlashing up pornographic picture or comments at anytime. Also their is manydifferent chat lines that consist of a lot of profanity and violence. Amajority of laid-back school students are minors. This is why most colleges arehooked up online to the Internet system. The government is trying to figure outways to police the Internet so this will not happen. The problem with that isit is a very hard task to do. It is almost guaranteed this will not happen foranother five to ex years.Being hooked up online helps make high school easy to slide through. There is astudent at Chichester Senior High School that has a home computer hooked onlinewith the Internet system. So when he has a term paper due all he does is down incumbrance a term paper on the system with the alike topic. He just puts his name onthe paper, hands it in, and receives an A. In return when he hits college lifehe will not know how to write a term paper. This will cause him to drop out. Iknow other students do the same thing he does. Now students will come out ofhigh school not healthy educated.The Internet system is set up in a way we can give and receive mail. This mailis called electronic mail usually known as e-mail. This mail will be sent towhere you want it the second you click send with the mouse. The regular U.S.mail takes two days if you are sending mail from Philadelphia to Media. Now ifyou mail from glide to coast that could take up to two weeks. When my parentswent to Mexico for two weeks they tried to send me a postcard, but I didntreceive it till the next day they came back. This could very well end up tobecome a problem. Soon no one will even want to use U.

Book Review of Lytton Stracheys Elizabeth and Essx :: essays research papers

The tragic but withal romantic novel I read was called, Elizabeth and Essex. This novel is a biographical and diachronic tidings. The subject of the book is a tragic history. The author, Lytton Strachey, tells the reader a lot about these two love birds that were destined to be together. Whose names were Elizabeth and Essex. Lytton Strachey presents a very well-rounded picture of the book. I think it is very important for an author to present a good picture of the book because of peerless very IMPORTANT reason, for the reader to understand and to become more interested in the book, the author has to make the reader feel as if they were there discovering that serviceman of history that was created or a joke that was told. To me I think that the authors purpose was several different things. Only because the book wasnt alone entertaining , but it was informing, and instructive. The author will do anything to make his/her book interesting and enjoyable to the publi c, so they try to squeeze in entertaining, informing, and instructive stuff into the book. The style of the book is what made it so special. It was VERY easy to understand, and at the same time it was exciting. few readers may think a tragic, but yet romantic novel is hard to understand, but what they dont know is that all books are easy to read. You are just stopping yourself too soon to learn it. This book had no problems with being beautifully written and understandable. Compared with the first book I read for the first nine weeks, I would say this book is 110 times better. (The book that I read the first nine weeks was called Abraham Lincoln as I knew him.) This book, Elizabeth and Essex, had everything that a book worm could ask for. Some interesting quotes and passages that I found were on page 3 it said that the Earl of Essex, Elizabeths lover, was once her first cousin twice removed. Another one I read was on page 91. It was a quote that was quoted by Portia to Bassano, but I fear you speak upon the rack, where men enforced do speak anything.

Book Review of Lytton Stracheys Elizabeth and Essx :: essays research papers

The tragic but yet romantic novel I bear witness was called, Elizabeth and Essex. This novel is a biographical and historical book. The subject of the book is a tragic history. The author, Lytton Strachey, tells the reader a lot about these ii love birds that were destined to be together. Whose names were Elizabeth and Essex. Lytton Strachey perplexs a very well-rounded picture of the book. I think it is very important for an author to present a good picture of the book because of one very IMPORTANT reason, for the reader to understand and to become more interested in the book, the author has to impart the reader feel as if they were there discovering that piece of history that was created or a joke that was told. To me I think that the authors purpose was some(prenominal) different things. Only because the book wasnt only entertaining , but it was informing, and instructive. The author will do anything to make his/her book interesting and enjoyable to the publ ic, so they try to squeeze in entertaining, informing, and instructive material into the book. The style of the book is what made it so special. It was VERY favorable to understand, and at the same time it was exciting. well-nigh readers may think a tragic, but yet romantic novel is hard to understand, but what they dont know is that all books are easy to read. You are just stopping yourself too soon to learn it. This book had no problems with being beautifully written and understandable. Compared with the depression book I read for the first nine weeks, I would say this book is 110 times better. (The book that I read the first nine weeks was called Abraham Lincoln as I knew him.) This book, Elizabeth and Essex, had everything that a book worm could ask for. Some interesting quotes and passages that I found were on page 3 it said that the Earl of Essex, Elizabeths lover, was once her first cousin twice removed. Another one I read was on page 91. It was a quote that was quoted by Portia to Bassano, but I fear you announce upon the rack, where men enforced do speak anything.

Interesting Narrative Essay

Who atomic number 18 we requireing for, who atomic number 18 we looking for? Its Equiano were looking for. those are the words from a chant about(predicate) the disappearance of an Afri fag end boy. The disappearance of Olaudah Equiano has become a subject for a peopleal folklore. entirely along the sixteenth nineteenth centuries thousands of Africans captured in West Africa had been shipped to be sold in sla genuinely. M whatsoever of them wrote about their hard spiritednesss experiences. Precisely in this way, by creating poems and autobiographies, the so-c incessantlyy last(predicate)ed slave narratives cave in been born.The resideing storey of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Written by Himself is one of them. That is a re entirelyy an interesting narrative. But it is personable not besides because of its plot or authors authorship skills. This became the foremost memoir of a black slave whose autobiography has been recognized by the public and continued being inter esting for millions of people far after its authors death. I had often seen my master and Dick employed in reading and I had a great curiosity to talk to the binds as I judg custodyt they did, and so to learn how every last(predicate) things had a beginning.For that purpose I have often taken up a book, and have talked to it, and then institutionalize my ears to it, when alone, in hopes it would answer me and I have been very practically touch on when I found it remained silent. (Equiano 112). These words can be taken out as the main thesis of the reoceanrch Equiano showed with all his life that each person, crimson a slave, is able to reach piecey significant things in his life. The main aim is to have a great curiosity in how all things had a beginning and strong go forth. And it is very important for human he humanities not to remain silent to other peoples sorrows.There exists a certain(p) problem regarding the authenticity of authors text. The readers who have bought the Equianos book under(a) the Allisons edition must be aware of that fact that Allison has self-possessed different parts of Equianos autobiography which hasnt been published by the author. A great deal of text is submitted by Allison, not Equiano. For example, the place in narrative in which Equiano gives references to his marri advance. But a few pages earlier Equiano says he is free. Equiano transferd the earlier passage when having added the relation to his marriage in 1792 in order to support the right cronology.Allison hasnt taken into consideration that fact. Therefore, it can be seen that the chronology hasnt been ob practiced in Allisons edition. Within such a vision the Equianos book becomes plane more mystical. It sounds like a far and vague voice perceived through another authors interpretation. Nevertheless, despite of approximately discrepancies in Allisons interpretation of Equianos narration, the latter remains a masterpiece of African literature. As it was al ready mentioned, the book in case became a sensation in the literature of that time as that was the first book written by a black man that has been edited.But there are many another(prenominal) other points in favor of Equianos book. One of them is that this book became a sample of vernal literature genre a kind of friendly protest expressed in a very original way. There are no direct appeals for stopping the slavery in Africa by Africans however at the same time Equianos book is a burning request for ending the enslavement of Africans by other nations representatives. I believe there are few events in my life that have not happened to many you can expose these words in Equianos autobiography as well.Those events are the kidnapping of l1-year-old Equiano and his serving to European slave traders. His book isnt a result of imagination still proper authors experiences. Equiano was a subdivision of Ibo nation which resided in Nigeria. When Equiano was eleven he was kidnapped b y slave traders in concert with his sister. He was brought to Virginia and was sold to Michael Pascal there. Pascal changed Equianos name to Gustavas Vassa (after a Swedish monarch from sixteenth century). Equiano has passed through many adventures before he bought his freedom in 1776.He continued traveling through American colonies after that and as he still was afraid to be recaptured he went to England where he had been working for Charles Irving a scientist who was famous for his experiments with slat-water purification. Eqiano was traveling then over Italy, Turkey and even the Artic studying many sciences in the course of that. Equianos autobiography was first published in 1789. It was published in both volumes and was entitled The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself.The narrative was declared to be one of the most prominent slave narratives of that time. In this narrative one can find Equianos experiences which he acquired being on the maturate of the slave ship, working as a gunpowder carrier in the Mediterranean or as a barber enchantment going on as a sailor. Thanks to all of those great talents and skills got by himself in the course of his sated life, Equiano became a great intellectual of his age. His autobiography, besides being a brilliant pattern of autobiography, became a classic of the slave narrative genre.Equiano has described his adventures in a very vivacious manner. Besides, his book has been released very timely that time much attention was paid to negroslavery society. Equianos book became one point in favor of the general hatred that was rising against the West India planters who had been noted to reveal horrible cruelties directed on their slaves. Speaking about humanity in his book Equiano had several purposes in discernment. startle of all, he meant that the slavery is inhuman. Equiano represents it as a cruel business which results in a great deal of human misery.Of course, Equiano calls for the expulsion of slavery in his autobiography. But he tries to reveal the most horrible thing that is the base of European slave traders attitude to the African nations. That is the anti-racist idea which was quite a a wide-spread one in England of eighteen century. According to this idea African were not fully human beings. Equianos book is a great justification for the dissolving of this terrible myth in humans minds. With a great talent he described a life of a man who had been a victim of that myth -his own life.Taking into consideration the anti-racist intentions of Equianos autobiography, there are no denying facts that his book is a considerable political writing as well. A slave wrote a politically considerable book that is the main Equianos paradox of that time which do humans hearts to pay more attention to the miserable situation of Africans. A black boy, kidnapped by European traders and grew up among them, taught everything he co uld and wrote a kind of black self-presentation with a strong political meaning. The writing that book was a real feat by Equiano.He was brave enough to create his autobiography after having lived all that through by himself. That was a real proof of that African people were not only fully human beings but they were a great nation whose aspiration for freedom was not less than of any other nation of the world. Olaudah Equianos life is a brilliant example of humans will in its most prominent expression willing to be free. By that time not too many of slavers narrations had appeared. Those were mostly oral narrations by a slave which were gathered by white scientists. Equianos narrative was different from those ones.It was different not only because of his writing skills but, first of all, because he has written it by himself and, moreover, he published it by himself. He published it by subscription and by that way he forced many people to pay for his book in advance. Among those peo ple the Prince of Wales and a range of dukes were. Another strong act by Equiano was that he not only had published the book but went on promoting it. He carried out a range of lections in England, Scotland and Wales. By promoting his book he was promoting at the same time the abolition of slavery.He was present at the lections coherent by local abolition committees in many regions. Thus, Equiano managed not only to convert his autobiography in anti-slavery document but converted his whole life into anti-slavery movement. As one can see, the poor slave kidnapped and grown up in slavery resulted to be a wonderful author, publisher, producer and political figure. He showed how an ordinary autobiography of a slave may convert into a strong social and even political movement. Equianos narrative was proclaimed by many critics to be the most remarkable among the books by black writers of the 18th century.Arna Bontemps in his introduction to Great break ones back Narratives (1969) charac terized Equianos narrative as the first truly notable book in the genre of the salve narrative. Equiano became an entire historical epoch regarding the African culture. It has become the base of all African studies. His book will remain an eternal testimony of slavery as a shameful act of humanity. Equiano wrote the autobiography but his main aim was not to make his life famous but to show all the consequences which the violence and aggressiveness may have.The autobiography by Equiano is worth of reading because of many reasons. First of all, the personal skills of the author made his description colorful and dynamic. He managed to quickly learn the language, religion, law and commerce of his enslavers. Thus, he found the possibility to buy his freedom, find employment, travel the world, and become a legitimate advocate for abolition. The horrors that Equiano was forced to face didnt not break him. He was able to win thanks to a combination of luck, intelligence, and hard work in hi s character.His ironic understanding of humor in narrating his numerous adventures and roles in life indicates that he perceived himself as a survivor. He was aware of all the difficulties that could wait for him and nevertheless was ready to cope with them. In the beginning of narrative the coating of freedom is established, and he then expends all of his energy on attaining it. Equiano wrote his narrative after he had been converted to Christianity. Christianity manner spiritual rebirth and this formula certainly was a strong point while structuring his story.It also caused an efficient influence on the readers minds. So, the spiritual authors rebirth also influenced on Equianos writing he wrote his autobiography harmonise to the personal religious, spiritual changes. Equiano is often compared to Robinson Crusoe. Like the famous hero of Daniel Defoe he got into the foreign environment and managed to survive there and carry his will to freedom and gratification through all th e difficulties of his outstanding life. Thats why Olaudah Equiano will always remain in humans hearts as a symbolic representation of freedom and powerful human will.And having passed many years hundreds of people when reading the The interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Written by Himself will say Who are we looking for, who are we looking for? Its Equiano were looking for. Bibliography 1. Olaudah, Equiano. (Edited with an introduction by Robert J. Allison). The Interesting Narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiano, written by himself. Boston Bedford Books of St. Martins Press, 1995. READ EXCERPTS from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano . . . From Ch.1 Description of Equianos Early Life and the Culture of his People Read online one of the first little descriptions ever published of a traditional African culture from the perspective of an African, which makes for interesting comparisons to Part I of Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart. The Life o f Olaudah Equiano (British Library African Collections) Extract from The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, The African. Written by Himself. London Printed for and sold by the author, No. 10, Union-Street, Middlesex Hospital, 1789. Vol. 1, Chapter 1, pp.4-38 http//www. bl. uk/collections/africanolaudah. html From Ch. 2 THEY CARRY OFF AS MANY AS THEY CAN SEIZE My father, besides many slaves, had a numerous family, of which seven lived to grow up, including myself and a sister, who was the only daughter. As I was the youngest of the sons, I became, of course, the greatest favourite of my mother, and was always with her and she used to take particular pains to form my mind. I was trained up from my earliest years in the arts of agriculture and war and my mother adorned me with emblems, after the manner of our greatest warriors.In this way I grew up till I was turned the age of eleven, when an end was put to my happiness in the following mannerGenerally, when t he grown people in the neighbourhood were gone far in the fields to labour, the children assembled to get goingher in more or less of the neighborhoods premises to play and commonly some of us used to get up a tree to look out for any assailant, or kidnapper, that might come upon us for they sometimes took those opportunities of our parents absence, to attack and carry off as many as they could seize.One day, as I was watching at the top of a tree in our yard, I saw one of those people come into the yard of our next neighbour but one, to kidnap, there being many stout young people in it. instantly, on this, I gave the alarm of the rogue, and he was surrounded by the stoutest of them, who complicated him with cords, so that he could not escape till some of the grown people came and secured him. But alas ere long, it was my fate to be olibanum attacked, and to be carried off, when no(prenominal) of the grown people were nigh.One day, when all our people were gone out to their wo rks as usual, and only I and my dear sister were left to mind the house, two men and a woman got over our walls, and in a moment seized us both and, without giving us time to cry out, or make resistance, they stopped our mouths, and ran off with us into the nearest wood. Here they tied our hands, and continued to carry us as far as they could, till dark came on, when we reached a small house, where the robbers halted for refreshment, and spent the night.We were then unbound but were unable to take any food and, being quite overpowered by fatigue and grief, our only relief was some sleep, which allayed our misfortune for a short time. From Ch. II of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African (London, 1789). Rpt. Mintz, A intelligence of Africa Resources for Teachers http//www. newsreel. org/guides/equiano. htm Corresponding to sections of 1814 ed. reprinted in Gates, The clean Slave Narratives p. 25. From Ch.2 A MULTITUDE OF BLACK PEOP LE CHAINED TOGETHER Olaudah Equiano vividly recounts the shock and isolation that he felt during the Middle expiration to Barbados and his fear that the European slavers would eat him (A Son of Africa). The European slavers complexions, differing so much from ours, their long hair and the language they spoke, which was different from any I had ever heard, united to confirm me in this belief that Equiano had got into a world of bad spirits and that they were going to kill me.Indeed, such were the horrors of my views and fears at the moment, that if ten thousand worlds had been my own, I would have freely parted with them all to have exchanged my condition with that of the meanest slave of my own country. When I looked around the ship and saw a long furnace of copper boiling, and a multitude of black people of every description chained together, every one of their countenances expressing dejection and sorrow, I no longer doubted my fate. preferably overpowered with horror and angui sh, I fell motionless on the deck and fainted.When I recovered a little, I found some black people about me, and I believe some were those who had brought me on board and had been receiving their pay. They talked to me in order to cheer me up, but all in vain. I asked them if we were not to be eaten by those white men with horrible looks, red faces and long hair. They told me I was not . . . . I took a little wine knock down my palate, which, instead of reviving me as they vox populi it would, threw me into the greatest consternation at the strange feeling it produced, having never tasted such liquor before.Soon after this, the blacks who had brought me on board went off and left me tatterdemalion to despair. I presently saw myself deprived of all chance of returning to my native country or even the least glimpse of hope of gaining the shore, which I presently considered as friendly. I even wished for my former slavery in preference to my present situation, which was filled wit h horrors of every kind. . . .Equiano was then put down under the decks and There I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never undergo in my life.With the loathesomeness of the stench and the crying together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat, nor had I the least desire to taste anything. I now wished for the last friend, Death, to relieve me. Soon, to my grief, two of the white men offered me eatables and on my refusing to eat, one of them held me fast by the hands and laid me across the windlass and tied my feet while the other flogged me severely. I had never experienced anything of this kind before. . . . If I could have gotten over the nettings, I would have jumped over the side, but I could not.The crew used to watch very close those of us who were not chained down to the decks, lest we should leap into the water. I have seen some of these poor African prisoners most severely cut for attempting to do so, and periodical whipped for not eating. This indeed was often the case with myself . . . . Meeting some of his countrymen among the chained Africans below decks, I inquired of these what was to be done with us. They gave me to understand we were to be carried to these white peoples country to work for them.I then was a little revived, and thought if it were no worse than working, my situation was not so desperate. But still I feared that I should be put to death, the white people looked and acted in so savage a manner. I have never seen among my people such instances of unforgiving cruelty, and this not only shown towards us blacks, but also to some of the whites themselves. One white man in particular I saw, when we were permitted to be on deck, flogged so unmercifully with a large rope near the foremast that he died in consequence of it, and they tossed him over the side as they would have done a brute.This made me fear these people the more, and I expected nothing less than to be treated in the same manner. . . . I a sked my countrymen if these people had no country, but lived in this hollow place the ship? They told me they did not but came from a distant land. Then, utter I, how comes it that in all our country we never heard of them? They told me because they lived so far off. I then asked where were their women? Had they any like themselves? I was told they had. And why do we not see them I asked.They answered, Because they were left behind. I asked how the vessel could go? They told me they could not tell, but there was cloth put upon the masts by the help of the ropes I saw, and then vessels went on, and the white men had some spell or magic they put in the water when they liked in order to stop the vessel when they liked. I was exceedingly amazed at this name, and really thought they were spirits. I therefore wished much to be from amongst them, for I expected they would sacrifice me.But my wishes were in vainfor we were so quartered that it was impossible for us to make our escape. . . . .At last, when the ship we were in had got in all her cargo, they made ready with many fearful noises, and we were all put under deck, so that we could not see how they managed the vessel. . . . The stench of the hold while we were on the slide was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time some of us had been permitted to stay on the deck for the fresh air.But now that the whole ships cargo were confined together, it became absolutely pestilential. The closeness of the place and the heat of the climate, added to the number of the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely live to turn himself, almost suffocated us. This produced copious perspirations so that the air became unfit for respiration from a variety of loathsome smells, and brought on a sickness among the slaves, of which many diedthus falling victims of the improvident avarice, as I may call it, of their purchasers.This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, which now became insupportable, and the filth of the needful tubs toilets into which the children often fell and were almost suffocated. The shrieks of the women and the groans of the dying rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable. Happily perhaps for myself, I was soon reduced so low that it was obligatory to keep me almost always on deck and from my extreme youth I was not put into fetters.In this situation I expected every hour to share the fate of my companions, some of whom were almost daily brought upon the deck at the point of death, which I began to hope would soon put an end to my miseries. Often did I think many of the inhabitants of the deep much more happy than myself. I envied them the freedom they enjoyed, and as often wished I could change my condition for theirs. Every circumstance I met with, served only to render my state more painful and heightened my apprehensions and my opinion of the cruelty of the whites.. . . One day, when w e had a smooth sea and moderate wind, two of my wearied countrymen who were chained together (I was near them at the time), preferring death to such a life of misery, somehow made through the nettings and jumped into the sea. Immediately another quite dejected fellow, who on account of his illness was suffered to be out of irons, followed their example. I believe many more would very soon have done the same if they had not been prevented by the ships crew, who were instantly alarmed.Those of us that were the most active were in a moment put down under the deck, and there was such a noise and confusion among the people of the ship as I never heard before to stop her and get the boat out to go after the slaves. However, two of the wretches were drowned, but they got the other and afterwards flogged him unmercifully for thus attempting to prefer death to slavery. . . . I can now relate, hardships which are inseparable from this accursed trade. Many a time we were near suffocation from the want of fresh air, which we were often without for whole days together.This, and the stench of the necessary tubs, carried off many. From Ch. II of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African (London, 1789). Rpt. Mintz, A Son of Africa Resources for Teachers http//www. newsreel. org/guides/equiano. htm Corresponding to sections of 1814 ed. reprinted in Gates, The Classic Slave Narratives pp. 33-34 35-36. Carey also reprints online Extracts from Equianos Narrative, Ch. 2 Boarding a Slave-Ship http//www. brycchancarey. com/equiano/extract2. htm The Middle Passage http//www. brycchancarey. com/equiano/extract3. htmFrom Ch. 2 DREAD AND TREMBLING Olaudah Equiano offers a first-hand account of his arrival in the West Indies in 1756 (A Son of Africa). Arrival at the island of Barbadoes in the Caribbean As the vessel drew nearer, we plainly saw the harbor and other ships of different kinds and sizes and we soon anchored amongst them off Bridg etown. Many merchants and planters came on board . . . . They put us in separate parcels and examined us attentively. They also made us jump, and pointed to the land, signifying we were to go there. We thought by this we should be eaten by these ugly men, as they appeared to us.When soon after we were all put down under the deck again, there was much dread and trembling among us and nothing but bitingly cries to be heard all the night from the apprehensions. At last the white people got some old slaves from the land to pacify us. They told us we were not to be eaten, but to work, and were soon to go on land, where we should see many of our country people. This report eased us much, and sure enough, soon after we landed, there came to us Africans of all languages. We were conducted immediately to the merchants yard, where we were all pent up together, like so many sheep in a fold, without regard to sex or age.As every object was new to me, everything I saw filled me with surprise. W hat struck me first was that the houses were built with bricks and stories, and in every respect different from those I had seen in Africa, but I was still more astonished to see people on horseback. I did not know what this could mean, and indeed I thought these people were full of nothing but magical arts. While I was in this astonishment, one of my fellow prisoners spoke to a countryman of his about the horses who said they were the same kind they had in their country.I understood them, though they were from a distant part of Africa and I thought it odd I had not seen any horses there but afterwards when I came to converse with different Africans, I found they had many horses amongst them, and much larger than those I then saw. We were not many days in the merchants custody, before we were sold after their usual manner . . . On a signal given, (as the beat of a drum), buyers knock at once into the yard where the slaves are confined, and make a choice of that parcel they like bes t.The noise and clamor with which this is attended, and the eagerness visible in the countenances of the buyers, serve not a little to increase the apprehension of terrified Africans . . . . In this manner, without scruple, are relations and friends separated, most of them never to see each other again. I remember in the vessel in which I was brought over there were several brothers who, in the sale, were sold in different lots and it was very abject on this occasion, to see and hear their cries in parting. From Ch. II of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African (London, 1789).Rpt. Mintz, A Son of Africa Resources for Teachers http//www. newsreel. org/guides/equiano. htm Corresponding to sections of 1814 ed. reprinted in Gates, The Classic Slave Narratives pp. 37-38. At this point in Ch. 2 of the Narrative, Equiano passionately addresses his European enslavers O, ye nominal Christians might not an African ask you, learned you this fro m your God, who says unto you, Do unto all men as you would men should do unto you? Is it not enough that we are torn from our country and friends, to toil for your luxury and lust of gain? Must every testy feeling be likewise sacrificed to your avarice?Are the dearest friends and relations now rendered more dear by their separation from the rest of their kindred, still to be parted from each other, and thus prevented from cheering the gloom of slavery, with the samll comfort of being together, and mingling their sufferings and sorrows? Why are parents to lose their children, brothers their sisters, or husbands their wives? Surely this is a new refinement in cruelty, which, while it has no advantage to atone for it, thus aggravates distress, and adds fresh horrors even to the wretchedness of slavery. From Ch.II of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African, 1814 ed. as reprinted in Gates, The Classic Slave Narratives p. 38. Read all of C hapter 2 of Equianos Autobiography online courtesy of Africans in America (WGBH/PBS Online) http//www. pbs. org/wgbh/aia/part1/1h320t. html The abhorrence of Slaves in the West Indies Read Ch. 5 excerpt from Olaudah Equiano The Life of Gustavus Vassa courtesy of World Civilizations (capital of the United States State Univ. , 1996, 1999) http//www. wsu. edu8000/dee/Equiano. html More selections, also available on the Washington State Univ.web, courtesy of Reading About the World, Vol. 2 ed. Paul Brians and others, Harcourt Brace Custom Books http//www. wsu. edu8080/wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_2/equiano. html Equiano Gains his Freedom Read Ch. 7 excerpt, courtesy of Brycchan Carey http//www. brycchancarey. com/equiano/extract4. htm . . . Equianos account of his own manumission in 1766. Equianos owner, the Philadelphia Quaker Robert King, had in 1765 promised Equiano that he could buy back his own freedom if he ever raised the sum of forty pounds, the price King had himse lf paid for Equiano.King, who conducted much of his business from the island of Montserrat in the Caribbean Leeward Islands, put Equiano to work on one of his ships. Fortunately for Equiano, this meant that he could earn the property by petty trading, an activity in which he received some encouragement from the ships friendly captain Thomas Farmer (Carey). The campaign Against the Slave Trade Read Ch. 12 excerpt, courtesy of Brycchan Carey http//www. brycchancarey. com/equiano/extract5. htm . . . Equianos arguments against the slave trade, in particular, his argument that the trade did not make sound economic sense (Carey).A 1789 REVIEW of Equianos Narrative From the beginning, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavas Vassa, the African. Written by Himself was a bestseller, in such demand that it experienced some fifteen editions, and attracted reviews in the leading journals of the time. One favorable 1789 review that appeared in Londons The Monthly canvass is reprinted here A Review of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavas Vassa, the African. The Monthly Review London Vol. LXXX, 1789, p. 55152.Gale lit Resource Center Online Subscription Database. The Gale Group, 2004. Central Oregon Community College Library, Bend, OR. 17 August 2004. NOTE Gale Literature Resource Center subscription database articles are available online to COCC students Among aspects of the above 1789 review to notice, is the fact that the anonymous reviewer addresses the question of the authenticity of Equianos very intelligent Narrative, suggesting that some English writer may have assisted Equiano in the compilement, or, at least, the correction of his book for it is sufficiently well written. SIGNIFICANCE OF EQUIANOS SLAVE news report The slave narrative is a polemical genre it makes no bones about it. Anthony Appiah, quoted in Ferguson (249). Brycchan Carey outlines the political goals of Equianos slave narrative in Olaudah Equiano A Critical Biography http//www. brycchancarey. com/equiano/biog. htm According to Carey, to show that a black African had abilities equal to a white European is one implicit political goal encompassed by Equianos statement early in his autobiographyIf it affords any satisfaction to my numerous friends, at whose request it has been written, or in the smallest degree promotes the interest of humanity, the ends for which it was undertaken will be fully attained, and every wish of my heart gratified. When Equiano refers to humanity he seems to have several things in mind. Firstly he of course means that slavery is inhumane in that it is a cruel business resulting in a great deal of human misery. He is calling for its abolition.But as well as the overt anti-slavery agenda there is a more subtle anti-racist project going on to dispel some of the racist myths menses in eighteenth-century England. Amongst these was an increasingly widespread myth that Africans were either not fully human or were of a less developed branch of humanity. Part of Equianos project is to dispel this myth entirely by showing the world that he, in common with all human beings, is quite capable of writing a fine book describing a life which would be considered extraordinary and full of talent and seized opportu.

How close to revolution was Great Britain in the 1790

The 1790s wasnt the easiest of times for Britain. Revolution oerthrowing the monarchy In France caused working-class civilians in Britain to entertain the conceit of diversityizing. This, among other aspects much(prenominal) as the war with France and food supply, meant that Britain, led by Pitt, had to fight off the threat of gyration.It would be a fair statement to relieve onenessself that although Great Britain had greathearted enough threats and promoters for revolution to actu each(prenominal)y happen, the threat lacked a certain spark that could ave Ignited the revolution, sp containing into a full-blown fire crosswise the whole country, helping end the monarchy. The first key point to look at is the spirit of British society at the time. The parsimoniousness and financial championship conditions lav always be catalysts for a revolution- an example Is the sorry state of the French economy, one of the major causes of revolution breaking out there, Just before they went into revolution.Now, had the economy of Britain in the 1790s been as crippled as Frances was, then it would have been likely that mountain in Great Brltaln would have been aroma desperate for change, and a new ould have been looking likely. However, this was non the case. Although the years 1 795 and 1797 were very difficult in terms of high bread prices and unemployment, the situation was simply not distasteful enough to make revolution a necessity for people In Great Britain. Hunger and famine were very sparse, In comparison to France.In fact, the standard of living of most people In the 1 79ffs had actually Improved due to the industrial revolution taking place at the time. Pitt, thanks to his numerous reforms and changes to the government, such as increasing taxes and the ntroduction of the sinking fund, meant that the threat of revolution was significantly decreased. unions were as well as an Issue that Pitt had to combat. There were many unions in Britain at that t ime, and they consisted of and represented a magnanimous chunk of the macrocosm, for example the workers union.Due to the sheer size of the unions they posed a big threat to Pitt, especially the workers unions which had many members due to every second man In Britain at the time universe a working-class worker, and so most probably part of a union. unrest in the unions could have aused an uprising, which may not have ended nicely for Pitt due to the volume of workers in Britain at the time. Also, the workers would have been almost all the people In Britain Influenced by the events In France and absent to revolutionize, and If they, with the help of trade unions, were to rebel then Pitt would have had a serious problem.And this is why in 1799 Pitt took the decision to effectively abolish all trade unions when he banned the combination of men, and this helped to partly eliminate the danger of (dissatisfied) working men along with their union stressful to ause trouble for the gover nment, hence why many byword this as a very good measure taken by Pitt Religion can also be an extremely key factor. The King and monarchy 1 OF5 are tra01tlonally symools 0T rellglon ana tnelsm, ana countrles tnat nave a nlgn percentage of the population of people as Christians are less likely to go into revolution.Britain was a country that was very theist at the time, which meant that the absence of atheism helped Britain to jazz resolve of revolution. All in all, in terms of the society of Britain at the time, despite certain strains such as the weakening of he economy and rise of trade unions, a fundamental cohesion and stability was seen in the country, partly down to Pitt, which meant that in this particular field (the nature of British society) Britain, although it had dangers and threats, never really came close to revolution.One could again say that a spark was lacked. Radical ideas, sp discipline over the channel from France to Britain, were one of the greatest threats to Britain- the more than people learnt about the idea of the revolution in Britain, the more latent revolutionaries there would be, resulting in a greater ikelihood of revolution.It is important to point out thus far, that although the ideal of radicalism was in theory a serious threat to the British monarchy, it was by no means popular with everyone in the country and contained serious flaws, which stopped the revolution from growing, Just like sunlight stops a plant from growing, or a robin stopping the invincibility of the blues from growing. Corresponding societies were a big threat to the monarchy. Numbers of people Joining corresponding societies all over the country were rising sharply due to an increasingly literate working class.This meant that they read pro-reform, anti-monarchy books such as The Rights of Man by Thomas Paine, which only enhanced and do their views on the monarchy and reform more extreme. One could say that the knowledge obtained by the working clas s by reading these books could have been a potential catalyst for the beginning of a revolution, and so Pitt had to act fast to stop the rebels from reading about these ultra ideas.Although he did not close down the corresponding societies, and this could be seen as one of the things he failed to do, he managed to pass new laws that enabled the government to suppress nd regulate newspapers, which meant that workers were not as exposed to pro- reform stories as they were before which helped reduce the brainwashing of workers to try and overthrow the monarchy. So to sexual union up, things like corresponding societies and pro-radical newspapers were a serious threat to Britain, however although they were helpful to the revolution, they alone were not enough to put the revolution into full mogul.It is vital to explore other factors that too could have aided the revolution, or prevented it from happening. One factor which simply meant that Britain was never really going to come that close to revolution is desire. The attested public desire to overthrow the monarchy was simply not large enough- the majority of the population were content of the way the country was run, only a small population cute change. For a country to revolutionize, most of the countrys people need to have the desire to overthrow the King, in order to have enough power and force to do so.Take France as an example once again, the Third Estate made up around 90% of the country, and virtually all of the third estate wanted to see change, hence why France was swept up in revolution. This was not the case in Britain. Perhaps it was because the class-system was on the whole fairer-the clergy did not aomlnate as mucn In Brltaln as It 010 In France, ana tne working class 0T Brltaln, though most likely discontent, were on the whole miles happier than the French working class in comparison.This one factor alone was one of, if not the, greatest reasons why Britain steered clear of revolution and did not come as close as it may well have. Having verbalise that, Pitt made sure radical ideas, actions and organisations were subdued. To supress the threat of revolution, Pitt brought upon changes to ertain acts and even created new ones. One example is how Pitt suspended the Habeas Corpus Amendment act from 1974-1795, then again from 1798-1801.This act meant that people could only be arrested after solid evidence, however after the temporary removal of this act, anyone could be arrested and held indefinitely, even if there was no evidence and they were merely being held on suspicion. This act was very effective, as it deterred potential revolutionaries from committing crimes. The 2 Acts were also introduced, which kept an eye on illegal gatherings, reducing hem to a minimum, which helped Britain encumbrance the threat of revolution from growing.Another point is that for a revolution to happen, the radical movement must be strong and united. Although the radical movement had been a big threat, its potential was massively limited because it did not have the support it needed. The movement was split along a North South divide and was also split over aims- some radicals argued that parliamentary reform went far enough whereas others argued that a republic was the only solution to their problems.In addition the radicals were seriously under-powered in terms of weaponry and such, and all these problems ere one of the reasons why, although the threats were present, the spark, or cutting edge, was not, hence why Britain did not have revolution. The government was doing its best to extinguish the radical ideas that were sweeping through the country during the 1790s, however it needed some help from loyalists. Loyalists were people, predominantly working class, who were in support of the monarchy.This reinforces the view stated earlier that not all the working class were in favour of revolution. The 1790s witnessed the creation of many loyalist, pro- monarchy associa tions, an example of one being showed by John Reeves in 1792, hich fought against Republicans and Levellers by gate-crashing and attacking their meetings. Many ordinary men were also turned into militas to protect the country from internal threat. However, the main reason for all this internal support was William Pitt and the British government.Pitt was winning a propaganda war, and very successfully. He made Jacobites (anti monarchy, pro-reform believers) seem like horrible, scandalous people which helped turn the British public against them and made the monarchy seem as something good, something that should be desired. This worked- the institution of monarchy became much more esteem by the eople and support for the King also increased as a result of the French execution of their King Louis XVI in 1793 and the patriotic feeling created by the declaration of war between France and England a year later.This factor, although was helpful to the government as many people, whose backgr ound fitted in to the revolutionary type of person, gave support to the King, was not crucial to the government and did not repel the threat of revolution as much as other factors did, an example which links in with tnls one Delng tne lack 0T wlaespreaa aeslre to revolt. one could say na t tne sole reason for the creation of so many loyalist associations was due to the propaganda war being won by Pitt, which helped reduce the chances of revolution.All in all the battle of ideas, although won by the monarchy, never threatened the British government to a large enough outcome due to the low population of the radicals, and so taking into account that fact that not even all working class people were willing revolutionaries, and that the revolutionary opposition was under-populated, this highlights how Britain managed to contain the threat of ideas spreading across the ountry in a way which was not overly-hard, and only pushed the chances of revolution further away.Finally, as has been m entioned a effect of times already, the British State was exposed to the threat of revolution, and it did extremely well to contain the radical threat, helping to limit the effectiveness of it. William Pitt, who was in power at the time, was instrumental in making brave changes to the way the country was run in order to supress the growing threat of revolution.Taking into account that Britain at the time had no national police force, Pitt had to be extra careful to make sure revolution did not spread. He did this by introducing a variety of acts The suspension of Habeas Corpus, the Two Acts, repelling mutiny following an incident at Spithead & the Nore, the abolition of trade unions, the DORA, and sustaining an acceptable economy were all things Pitt did to help quash revolution.And indeed they worked-, and although many found them harsh and very tyranny-like, Pitt was in no position to take chances and in most cases the threat of the use of the measures introduced by Pitt was enou gh to deter the radical movement, which helped to steer Britain away from revolution even further, and ensured that Great Britain was never hat close to revolution despite numerous threats being posed. To conclude, although the threats of radicalism that were posed to the government were certainly dangerous, there were many aspects of the threat of revolution which were very flawed and resulted in the failure of the radicals.Britain faced many threats, such as radical ideas spreading across Britain, the hesitancy economy, the war with France, the lack of a police force and so on however Britain reacted very well and did everything it could to the best of its ability to suppress the idea of revolution rom getting out of hand-harsh measures introduced helped dispel revolutionaries, and the stabilisation of the economy and standard of life was crucial in helping to satisfy the majority of the population.Fundamental flaws were present in the opposition, and it was these flaws which nev er allowed them to have a real chance in overthrowing the King. A distinct minority of people in Great Britain wanted change, and so trying to disrupt the regime, as well as having very little access to arms and weaponry and themselves being spilt about their aims, was always going to be a aunting task.It was a task that was attempted to be carried out by the revolutionaries, and despite posing a variety of threats to the country, the radicals lacked a certain spark and the government dealt with them well. A fundamental cohesion and stability was seen throughout Britain in 1790s, as, despite the fact the revolutlonarles prooea ana questlonea tne governments staDlllty, tne government and Britain answered, responded well, and managed to quash the threat of revolution in Great Britain, ensuring that Britain, although sternly tested, sailed clear of revolution

Advantages Of Performance Appraisal Essay

It helps the supervisors to chalk out the promotion programs for efficient employees. In this regards, inefficient workers laughingstock be dismissed or demoted in case. It helps in chalking out allowance packages for employees. Merit rating is possible through performance appraisal. PA tries to give worth to a performance. Compensation packages which include bonus, high salary rates, extra benefits, allowances and pre-requisites atomic number 18 dependent on performance appraisal. The criteria should be merit rather than seniority.The sy motifatic procedure of PA helps the supervisors to frame training policies and programs. It helps to analyze strengths and weaknesses of employees so that new jobs can be designed for efficient employees. It also helps in framing future development programs. It helps the supervisors to understand the grimness and importance of the selection procedure. The supervisors come to know the validity and thereby the strengths and weaknesses of selectio n procedure. Future changes in selection methods can be made in this regard. For an make-up, effective communication between employees and employers is very important. It serves as a motivation tool. Through evaluating performance of employees, a someones efficiency can be determined if the targets are achieved. This very well motivates a person for better job and helps him to improve his performance in the future. Disadvantages of Performance AppraisalIf not done right, they can create a negative experience.Performance appraisals are very time consuming and can be overwhelming to managers with many employees. They are based on human assessment and are subject to rater errors and biases. eject be a waste of time if not done appropriately.They can create a very stressful environment for everyone involved.What Are the Benefits of Performance Appraisals to the organisation?The performance appraisal is an essential part of the human resources departments contribution to an organiza tion. An effective appraisal may not only eliminate port and work-quality problems, it can motivate anemployee to contribute more. Often, a company will ask its employees to perform 360- decimal point feedback that assesses peers and subordinates as well as supervisors and management. Regardless, the opportunity to receive and give rehabilitative criticism shouldnt be ignored. Improving CommunicationAll too often, employees and managers dont get along and cant understand why. Problems that stem from a lack of communication can sometimes be resolved with a performance appraisal. If the appraisal is used as an opportunity to describe the criteria on which performance is judged using meaningful and relevant examples then the employee will walk away from the meeting with a better understanding of how to best perform his job. For example, John, when I say you urgency to be more customer-focused, what I really want is to see you greet the customers with a smile when they enter the store, and ask how you can help. Providing a Career PathThe performance appraisal is the perfect opportunity to address long-term goals that may not be on the everyday to-do list. non only does this provide the employee with an opportunity to be of greater use to an organization, the employee feels pleased and valued. Lighting the way toward a successful career path inspires loyalty and constancy and can improve the bottom line, especially when the employees first concern is the health of the business, and subsequently, her career. Encouraging Good Work and ImprovementCelebrating a job cooked is the easy part of the performance appraisal. Noting areas of improvement is not so easy. Nevertheless, no one is perfect, and the performance appraisal is an ideal time to diplomatically highlight areas that need improvement. Even the most valuable employee could benefit from additional training, while those who are on the cusp of dismissal need the heads-up. Be specific by providing examp les and distinctly explain what needs to occur to turn things around. Showing an employee that you care enough intimately them by taking the time to work with them may make even out the most hardened employee feel better. Improving Decision-Making AbilityWhen a company has detailed information on employee performance, business decisions become easier. Filling open positions with alert staffstrengthens the organization and promotes loyalty. Knowing which employees display what strengths improves the speed with which projects can be assigned. Appraisals also provide a framework when making decisions about compensation and layoffs. If the organization becomes the unfortunate party to a lawsuit, the performance appraisal can refute or support claims. As a result, the effective use of performance appraisals helps an organization operate efficiently and with focus.180 degree180 class a method of measuring performance appraisal of an employee. As we have already discussed about perf ormance appraisal in the previous blog, its quite clear that its a method of measuring and giving feedback of any employee performance. 180 Degree is one of the method by which feedback of an employee can be judged and measured. Here two people are involved in the feedback process one is the employee himself and his immediate boss. The employee persona his work experiences including good and bad with the hr people, and the boss gives the feedback of the skills and attitude the employee carry. And then the data collected is matched with the competency norms of the organization and a feedback is prepared about that position employee. And with this feedback the management takes s further actions for better performance of that employee. This performance appraisal form is used in all big and small scale industries and organization.What is 270 degree appraisal method?Answer270 Degree is kind of performance appraisal system.. in 270 degree feedback/ review from self, Boss , and pEErs.

Healthcare Fraud Essay

On May 14, 2013 Attorney General Eric Holder and segment of Health and Human Services (HHS) repository Kathleen Sibelius announced nationwide takedown by Medi do by Fraud Strike Force operations, in eight cities that resulted in charges against 89 individuals, which included doctors, nurses and other licensed medical examination professionals, for their alleged participation in Medi contend juke schemes involving approximately $223 million in false billings. In Chicago, seven individuals were charged, including two doctors, with a pattern of health allot joke schemes. This (sixth) nationwide takedown targeted eight cities Miami, Houston, Los Angles, Detroit, Tampa, Brooklyn N.Y, and Chicago.On April 16, 2013, the owner, senior executive of Sacred Heart Hospital, along with four physicians in the double-u side rapidity were arrested for conspiring to pay and receive illegal kickbacks. The kickbacks included more than than than $225,000 in cash, along with other forms of pay ment, in exchange for the referral of patients insured by Medicare and Medicaid to the hospital. On Oct 19, 2012, a west suburban dermatologist, Robert Kolbusz, was indicted in U.S. District Court on four counts of wire fraud and three counts of mail fraud.He was accused of submitting false claims for hundreds of patients, according to FBI officials. The Department of Health aand Human Services reported that in fiscal year 2011, in Illinois alone there were 326 Medicaid fraud investigations, 48 were indicted on Medicaid fraud charges, 30 were convicted, 18 cases of civil settlements/judgments, and $47.8 million dollars was recovered in Medicare fraud cases. There are abundant newfangleds stories in the media today about the federal governance enforcements against hospitals, laboratories, medical equipment suppliers, hospices, home health agencies, physicians and other health care service providers.Unfortunately, these cases are just the tip-of-the-iceberg with many health care fra ud cases going unseen and or unreported. According to Blacks Law Dictionary fraud is defined as some deceitful practice or willful device, resorted to with heading to deprive another of his/ her right, or in some manner to do him an injury. It is distinguished from negligence, and is always intentional. healthcare fraud is a white- grok discourtesy that usually involves filing health care claims by healthcare service provider to turn a profit for the healthcare service providers.It involves an unlawful act, slackly deception for personal gain, and encompasses a wide range of irregularities and illegal acts thatare characterized by intentional deception. (Pozgar, 2011) According to the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigations) healthcare fraud in our country lives an estimated $80 trillion a year- making it one of the biggest white-collar-crime. Health care fraud is committed when a dishonest provider or consumer intentionally submits or causes someone else to submit false or mis leading information for use in determining the amount of healthcare benefits payable. (Pozgar, 2011) Health care fraud usually includes insurance fraud, drug fraud and medical fraud.There are several ways by which the health care insurance fraud can be committed by fraudulent health care service providers 1.) billing for serve not rendered, 2.) up-coding of services which is billing the Medicare for services that were more expensive than the ones provided, 3.) up-coding of items which is billing for more expensive items than was provided, 4.) unbundling, wherein a corrupt healthcare service provides bills that stagger over time in order to claim more monies from Medicare, 5.) unnecessary services, 6.) duplicate claims- Medicare is charged twice for the same service and 7.) Kickbacks, which are rewards in cash or kind received by healthcare professionals for recommending or referring specific services for example referring a patient for an MRI even when its not required.The findings from the Office of Management and Budgets fact tack Transforming and Modernizing Americas Health Care, revealed that the United States spends approximately $8,000 per person on health care. This figure is expected to rise to approximately $4 billion by 2017. Even the most conservative estimates of the cost of fraud abuse within our health care system range from between $66 billion and $220 billion per year. With the increasing cost of health care in America, the cost of health care fraud abuse could easily rise above $ cd billion per year by the year 2017. (Office of Management and Budgets fact sheet).Therefore, it is safe to say that health care fraud is not solo an economic drain on our health care system, but costs our nation the health of its citizens (Semi-Annual Report to Congress, 2009) as it robs the system of the money that would be further better spent on making sick people healthy. Health care fraud not only costs our nation in ground of health care dollars and pati ent care. It is one of the important factors that has contributed to the increasing cost of the health care services.Due to the immense role played by the healthcare fraud on the economic drain on our health care system andalso on the health of the nation, it is receiving a tremendous attention from twain the disposal and the people. Increasing cost of healthcare is a valid concern for American families and a primary concern for the American government. It affects all individuals, directly or indirectly as the billions of dollars that are lost to the healthcare fraud lead to increased health care costs and increasing the cost of potential reportage, which whitethorn further lead to loss of personal income savings leading to ruined credit.Health care fraud is not a victimless crime. (Price & Norris, 2009) The money lost receivable to fraud increases the costs of providing a full range of legitimate medical services tremendously. Physicians may perform unnecessary procedures to inc rease reimbursement, which may compromise the sentry go of the patient. Further, when medical providers bill for services that were never rendered, they end up creating a false medical history for patients which may hinder them from obtaining disability or manners insurance policies, at a later date. An inaccurate medical history also influences treatment decisions and allows some third party insurance companies to deny coverage based on a previous medical condition. Health care fraud also tarnishes the reputation of the medical profession and other health care service providers.Additionally, the efforts by the federal and the state government cost taxpayers billions of dollars a year, thus diverting the scarce tax money from other essential services and meeting the needs of elderly and the poor. This diversion of the taxpayers money often results in reduced benefit coverage, changes in eligibility for programs such as Medicaid, higher premiums for individuals or their employers, or higher copays. Health care fraud has become a primary issue for people and the government. In the last ten or so years, the government has invested a lot of effort and time on investigating health care fraud with the goal of decreasing its occurrence, and the government continues to initiate new policies, and work investigative bodies to deal specifically with health care fraud.Health care fraud is a critical issue for the government for a variety of reasons. Firstly, given that the government is the principal payer of health care, it is obviously concerned about how that money is spent. Secondly, health care fraud is a waste of taxpayer money. Third, it is the government which is in charge of regulating the health care system. Last but not the least, it is the government that is entrusted with protecting its citizensfrom all sorts of criminal and crimes. Health care fraud is a serious problem affecting every patient and consumer. The devastating situation is rooted not only in the excessive financial losings incurred, which often extends into the billions of dollars every year, but also in patient harm.The Department of Justice has declared health care fraud to be its second highest priority, hobby violent crimes (Kalb, 1999). In the past fifteen years the government has spent millions of dollars fighting health care fraud. In May 2009, the HHS and Department of Justice (DOJ) collaborated to create the Health Care Fraud Prevention and Enforcement Action Team (HEAT). With the creation of HEAT, the battle against the healthcare fraud especially against Medicare and Medicaid fraud became a cabinet-level priority. The HEATS mission is to1.) Gather resources across the government to help prevent waste, fraud, and abuse in the Medicare and Medicaid programs.2) Crack down on the people and organizations who abuse the system and cost Americans billions of dollars each year.3) Reduce health care costs and improve quality of care by preventing fraudsters from prey ing on people with Medicare and Medicaid.4) Highlight best practices by providers and organizations employ to ending waste, fraud, and abuse in Medicare.5.) Build upon the existing partnerships between HHS and DOJ to reduce fraud and recover taxpayer dollars. (HEAT Task Force Mission) In addition, to creating a depute force, the administration also encourages ordinary citizens to report against health care fraud.There are several ways to report a healthcare fraud a patient or health care provider who may have witnessed a fraud, may report to FBI, at their local office, or telephone and or online forms. Stop Medicare fraud website also provides various tips to citizen to protect themselves from healthcare fraud. Understandably, to completely stop healthcare fraud is a difficult task, but the more we go about it, the easier it is to stop (Blue Cross Blue Shield)ReferencesBlacks free online law dictionary Definition of Fraud. (2nd Edition) Retrieved June 13, 2013 http//thelawdictio nary.org/fraud/Blue Cross Blue Shield. Healthcare Fraud Regence. Retrieved June 17, 2013 from htttp//www.regence.com/docs/legal/provider-fraud-brochure.pdf. Centersfor Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary. National Health Expenditure Projections 2007- 2017 Chicago Tribune, Featured Articles. Retrieved June 13, 2013 from http//articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-10-19/news/ct-tl-downers-dermatologist-charged-20121019_1_medicare-fraud-fraud-cases-medicare-medicaid-services Federal Bureau of Investigations. Healthcare Fraud. Retrieved June 14, 2013 from http//www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/white_collar/health-care-fraud Illinois Policy Institute. news show & Blogs. Retrieved June 14, 2013 from http//illinoispolicy.org/blog/blog.asp?ArticleSource=5746 Kalb, Paul, E. Health Care Fraud and Abuse. Journal of American Medical Association 282 (1999) 1163-1168. Price. Marilyn & Norris, Donna. Health Care Fraud Physicians as White collar criminals? Journal of American Academy Ps ychiatry Law 372869, 2009 Pozgar, George. D (2011). Legal Aspects of Healthcare Administration (11th Edition) Sudbury, MA Jones & Bartlett Learning. Semi-Annual Report to Congress October 1 2008-March 31-2009, Office of the Inspector General Stop Medicare Fraud. HEAT Task Force Mission. Retrieved June 17, 2013 from http//www.stopmedicarefraud.gov/index.html US Department of Health and Human Services. News and Press Release. Retrieved June 13, 2013 from http//www.hhs.gov/news/ push/2013pres/05/20130514a.html US Department of Justice. News and Press Release. Retrieved June 13, 2013 from http//www.justice.gov/usao/iln/pr/chicago/2013/pr0416_01.html

Community Illness Solution Essay

There has been an odd rise in similar and extensive illnesses in non only adults but children as well. This is becoming quite a concern for many of the residents in this community because that only if means a rise in their chances of catching the illness to. If our community does not resolve the trouble as soon as possible it will continue to spread and possibly be active the entire community. Upon further investigation into the reasoning or cause of this problem, I project rig a legitimate reason why this is happening.I fuddle discovered that the cause may be from the botch companys malpractices either before the community came together or sometime afterwards. I found my reasoning by keeping an percipient mind and investigated any and every possibility there could be. The gas companies practices are the only issue I have found that could cause a problem such as the one in our community. As well, once I found that reasoning I looked as well into the illnesses and what could have possibly caused them, and again I found that the problem with the gas company is the root cause for the illnesses.I have begun to spread the word round my discovery to make everyone in the community aware of the issue that has led to our problem. I believe that with the strength of our entire community we can unite and involution for our justice against the gas company who has caused our community such a great problem. My first idea in the fight for our justice is to go straight to the gas company and explain our findings and demand them to do something about the issue to help fix the problem. If our community cannot seem to meet an agreement with the gas company, I presuppose we take it to a higher level.We fate to possibly approach the mayor of our town or even the court system if we must. We need to keep our viewpoints open and not stick to what we think is going to resolve the problem because one idea may not instantly resolve our problem. We not only need to resolve t he issue with the gas company, but need to find ways to help the families that have been plagued with the illness. I believe our community can set up a fundraiser of some sort to help raise money for the hospital bills and such that are a result of the illness.If our community does nothing about this problem we are never going to grow or thrive because no one beyond current residents will move here knowing of this plaguing illness. That would be horrible for our economy in this community, and we cannot just accept this problem. I believe we need to just go head to head with the problem and resolve it as a community. If we do not do anything our community is going to look weak and we will look like we gave up or that we are just a bunch of quitters. I wont allow that to happen.

Eymp 1 Context and Principles for Early Years Provision Essay

An ex political programation of the legal status and principles of the EYF and how national and local guidance materials are used in settings The legal status and principles of the Early Years Foundation stage is used with children aged from birth to five years. The Government lose outlined three primary and four specific areas and seventeen early learning goals that they think are weighty to a childs phylogeny and planning is used to meet a childs individual involve.An explanation of how variant get alonges to work with children in early years postulate unnatural current provision in the UK Over the years many spate have made studies of what they believe were the burning(prenominal) factors in providing for childrens needs. All of these pioneers believed that in that respect should be an integrated approach to the early years provision. One of these pioneers that had the greatest influence was Freidrich Froebel.Froebel founded the first kindergarten in 1840 and learned h ow important it was for children to have real experiences and to be physically active, learning outdoors as well as indoors. He believed that schools should be communities where parents could join their children, and that parents were the first educators of children. Other pioneers were Maria Montessori who devised a structured t separatelying programme based on watching children with learning difficulties and building on the work of Froebel.She have a different view to him in some areas, for compositors case believing that children should learn to work alone to help them become independent learners and did not see the benefit of play. Rudolf Steiner believed that the first seven years of a childs spirit were the most important and that they needed a carefully planned environment to develop in a rounded way. Margaret McMillan used many of Froebels ideas and intellection that play was very important. She believed that nurseries were an extension of the home and not a replacement for it.In the 1920s she set up nursery schools that were copied across the world, having gardens and welcoming families and not just children. One of her most important achievements was introducing school medical serve and school meals. She did this because she believed that children could not learn of they were hungry or sick. All of the work of these and other pioneers had an impact on the way that the current provisions in the UK have developed.Why the early years framework emphasises a personal andindividual approach to learning and development The early years framework emphasises a personal and individual approach to learning and development because valuing a childs individuality, ideas and feelings is an important part of developing an individual approach to the learning and development. A child has universal physical needs such as food, drink and shelter and psychological needs such as love, affection, security, friendship which are essential to maintaining their quality of life.In recognising and trying to meet an individual childs needs each childs age, physical maturity, intellectual abilities, emotional development, social skills and past experiences and relationships need to be considered. Part 2 An explanation of the partnership model of working with carers This enables different services and professionals to join together to prevent problems happening. It is used to support children, young people and families to help secure improved outcomes.A review of the authorisation barriers to participation of cares and an explanation of how these barriers may be overcome There can be barriers to effective partnership working these include problems in sharing information, people not being clear on their roles and concerned that they may make a mistake. An explanation of strategies that can be used to support carers who may match positively or negatively to partnership opportunities Some people may feel threatened that new approaches are being used whic h mean that they have to work in different ways to which they have been used to.Some may also not like being managed by someone that has different skills and experience from their own. To overcome these issues team meetings can be used for everyone to help them work together. It will also allow everyone to fully understand the roles and responsibilities of the other services and practitioners. An explanation of how effective multi-agency working operates indoors early years provision and benefits children and carers The Common Assessment Framework is used to by practitioners to assess the additional needs of and their family and to help identify the services that will be required to meet their needs.The Common Assessment Framework starts with assessment and information sharing of the childs development within the EYFS, the care and support offered, the overall family and environment. Using this information the lead professional will work with the team and the parents to put in plac e a plan to support the childs development. The Common Assessment Framework has a standard form that is used to record and share with others the details of the assessment. The things that are important are clear and effective communication between the professionals and the agencies, keeping accurate records and maintaining confidentiality.

Management and Leadership Essay

Management and leadership be considered synonymous, but actually they are two divers(prenominal) words. Management is defined as, The art, manner or practice of managing, handling supervision or control whereas leadership is defined as, The ability to express a vision, influence others to earn results, encourage team cooperation, and be an example. leadership is getting others to want to do things. leadership is intimately tied up with motivating and influencing others.Managers are administrators who issue business plans, set budgets, monitor progress, solve problems and facilitate meetings. A manager achieves authority and position with experience, arrangement, time and loyalty. Managers have subordinates but a leader has followers. A leader can be a manager, but a manager is not necessarily a leader. The leader of the lop group whitethorn emerge informally as the choice of the group. If a manager is able to influence people to achieve the goals of the placement, without u sing his or her formal authority to do so, then the manager is demonstrating leadership.As put by Faye Wattle ton, The only safe ship in a storm is leadership.Organizational CultureAccording to Websters new Collegiate Dictionary civilization is the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thought, speech, action, and artifacts and depends on mans capacity for training and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations.Organization enculturation is a system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an memorial tablet and guides the behavior of its memebers .It includes routine, behaviors, norms, dominant values and a feeling or climate conveyed..The pupose and function of this culture is to help foster internal integration, bring staff members from all levels of the arranging a great deal closer together and enhance their performance.A familys culture determines a lot of the brasss behavior. A culture may be bulletproof (having a dramatic influence o ver an individuals behavior) or weak (having a relatively low impact on behavior).A unfluctuating culture is a coherent set of beliefs, values, assumptions, and practices embraced by most members of the organization. It fosters motivation, commitment, identity, solidarity, and kindredness, which, in turn, facilitates internal integration and coordination.An understanding of organizational culture and how to transform it is crucially important for managers and leaders to achieve strategic outcomes. The position of strategic leaders in an organization assists them to see the dynamics of their organizational culture and attain the essence of strategic success through positive(p) transformation.Effective managers recognize that replacing a long term culture of traditional values with one that embodies the competitive values needed in the future can retreat years. But the rewards of that effort will be an organization much more effective and responsive to its environmental challenge s and opportunities.(Bateman & Snell, 2007)Organizational Culture at southwest Airlines south-west Airlines was founded in 1971 as a low-cost regional air carrier. The unions mission stated on its website truly reflects its positive and healthy organizational culture.We are attached to provide our Employees a stable campaign environment with equal opportunity for learning and someoneal growth. creativity and innovation are promote for improving the effectiveness of southwest Airlines. Above all, Employees will be provided the same concern, respect, and caring attitude within the organization that they are expected to share externally with every Southwest Customer.Southwest Airlines has consistently been successful in terms of profitability, good employee and union relations, and customer satisfaction at a time when most airline carriers are struggling in all these areas.Central to the partnerships success is a culture of flexibility, family-orientation, and fun. They believe in, The way you treat and reward employees is one take leave of your play alongs culture. Culture is the companys way of life. It is how the business functions, operates, handles stress and reinforces its staff. It is the companys general attitude toward the world. Southwest has built a reputation as a fun, light-hearted and profane airline with a happy staff. It is said that Southwests biggest hiring criterion is whether an applicant smiles during his or her interview. Southwest feels it can train anyone to do the job, but it cannot teach a person to have a positive attitude. Southwest Airlines has recognized that smiling staff members canhandle negative issues skillfully and still execute their customers.Southwest is also identified as the early leader of proletarian responsibility. The company limits emphasis on the formal organizational structure. At Southwest, decision making is the process which is done by management/worker committees. Leadership meetings are taped and s hared with employees. The researchers learned that productivity could be maximized when employees felt as though their needs were being considered by receiving attention for their work. This phenomenon became known as the Hawthorne Effect.It is as true today as it was during the concluding century that paying attention to our human assets produces tremendous results. Southwest Airlines has learned to capitalize on the principles of the Hawthorne Effect. Southwest Airlines has consistently remained at the top of its industry, while placing a rigorous focus on employees feedback and needs. Southwest seeks to share the companys success with its employees. The airline achieved high levels of employee satisfaction and was included in the helping magazines list of the 100 Best Companies to Work for in America for three years in a row.Southwests no-layoff response to September 11 was a reminder to its employees of the organizations tradition of caring for its people. When asked to commen t on this, an official explained, Its part of our culture. Weve al shipway said well do whatever we can to take care of our people. So thats what weve tried to do. Many analysts feel that the strange performance of Southwest is because of its ability to build and sustain relationships characterized by shared goals, shared knowledge and rough-cut respect between employees. Southwests organizational culture was shaped by Kellehers leadership. Kellehers personality had a strong influence on the culture of Southwest, which symbolizes his spontaneity, energy and competitiveness. Southwests culture had three themes have sex, fun and efficiency. Kelleher treated all the employees as a lovely and loving family.Southwest attempts to grow a close-knit, supportive and enduring family-like culture. The Company initiated various measures to foster intimacy and informality among employees. Southwest encouraged its people toconduct business in a loving manner. Employees are expected to care a bout people and act in ways that affirm their dignity and worth. Instead of decorating the wall of its headquarters with paintings, the company hung photographs of its employees taking part at company events, news clippings, letters, articles and advertisements.Southwests organizational culture encourages employees to be innovative, to communicate, understand and care, be devoted to customer service and most importantly to be an Individual. It maintains its success collectible to employee education, much of which takes place in Southwest Airlines festive learning center the University for People. Southwest sees learning as a never-ending process. University for People trainers, known as facilitators, build a foundation for an ongoing learning environment through a supervisory leadership class called Leadership Southwest Style, which utilizes the Myers-Briggs Type index (MBTI) assessment for self discovery.At Southwest Airlines, management wants employees to feel comfortable, refle cting its philosophy that an employee who is comfortable can turn over more freely and creatively. Regular celebrations bring employees together. These include Spirit Parties, Culture parties, and weekly Deck Parties at headquarters. Activities at these events include talent shows, dance contests, limbo contests, karaoke, and famous person look-alike themes. The Culture military commission welcomes new employees with a New withdraw Welcome Kit, which includes a bag, tee-shirt, badge holder, pen, and welcome letter. Southwest Airlines is an minute example of social invention that helps people discover their true capabilities.The social environment combines humor with responsibility. Employees work in teams without outside supervision. At job interviews, along with other self- phylogeny attitude, the prospective employee must show a sense of humor. The company recognizes the key to its culture is The Spirit of LUV. Their commitment to hire people with the capacity to love and serv e others has yielded a bountiful harvest of loyalty and money. Hence it shows a very well compounding of management and leadership.Key concepts of organizational culture at Southwest AirlinesEncourage to assume ownershipHire for lifeTrust their decisionsGive employeesimmediate access to critical information.They have the power to make adjustments and to good deal significant problems quickly.Results achieved through these conceptsOn-time arrivals, proper baggage handling, and customer complaints are communicated on a weekly basis.Everyone is focus on customer service and making Southwest a success which allows them to expand outside of charge responsibilitiesStrategies that organizational managers and leaders can use to create and maintain healthy organizational cultureMotivation Management Leaders must have coaching skills, not control skills. Motivated people have goals and seek ways to achieve them. Efficiency is the result of motivated employees. The self motivated employee s assume responsibility for their tasks. It creates an environment where workers swear management and management trust workers.Continuous Learning Opportunity Motivation is associated with the desire to learn. Without it, motivation dies. roughly businesses operate with a wide knowledge gap between worker and management. All through biography this has been the policy, it is job security for leadership. Today, efficiency requires workers to assume responsibility and this requires the narrowing of the knowledge gap. This is achieved by empowering workers.A strong organizational culture and an approach to learning that encompasses more than just training classes can create an organization that learns and improves upon its past successes. When change occurs, organizations with a learning culture and a focus on organizational development can surpass even their own expectations.ConclusionTo sum up, leadership is essentially related to a persons skills, abilities and scope of influence and management is a theory and a way of doing business. The managers who truly crop the four functions of management planning, organizing, leading and controlling, to accomplish their organizational goals are also true leadersAs time and requirements ofan organization change, there is always a need to change managerial functions. Managers at all levels must look for and adapt to changes.In any ordinary but expanding organization the next future change mogul be to restructure the organization. Technology is bringing a change in leadership styles. The command-and-control leadership methods of the last century are extremely inefficient in the fast changing technology world. Motivating environments are needed on the front-line with people who assume responsibility and exercise leadership. To attract and keep this type of person, the work environment must inspire and exploit employee capabilities.ReferencesBateman, Thomas S. & Snell Scott A. (2007). Management Leading and collaborati ng in acompetitive world. (Seventh edition), Ch-2 & 12 pgs 66- 69 & 393-383Southwest Airline webpage. Retrieved on April 20, 2007 from www.southwestairlines.comSouthwest Airlines. Retrieved on April 19, 2007 from www.caseplace.orgFrazee, Bonnie (Nov, 2006).Organizational Behavior and the Learning Process. Retrieved onApril19, 2007 from www.innovativelearning.com

Global warming and immigration Essay

Climate change is the long term alteration of spheric weather patterns oddly temperature and storm activity which occur as a result of the greenhouse effect. With scholars predicting deterioration in ball-shaped environmental conditions in the 21st century, we must focus our attention on the implications this situation will begin particularly to human population and settlement. The resulting displacement has led to a rise in environmental refugees as more communities leave their homes in search of alternative sources of livelihood. (Ketel, 2004, p. 2)Immigration due to planetary warming A study by the United Nations reveals that human migration caused by global warming is expected to surpass only previous displacements. The effects of flooding, desertification and environmental pollution are partly or wholly credited to global warming (Ketel, 2004, p. 15). In countries such as Zimbabwe and Bangladesh which experience perennial flooding, community based and non-governmental orga nizations are collaborating with the local anesthetic communities to raise awareness on disaster preparedness and disaster management practices.The Zimbabwe Case study or so of north and eastern Zimbabwe has been demarcated as flood prone areas, particularly the districts of Mzarabani and Guruve located at heart the low cunning Zambezi basin. Initially, these areas were sparsely populated due to adverse environmental conditions that rendered them uninhabitable. However after realizing that the area had a high up economic potential, the government opened it up for agricultural exploitation and settlement a condition that has loose its inhabitants to floods and mudslides.Successful undertakings Since 2008, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) has participated in relief efforts to provide assistance to families in these areas such as providing blankets, tarpaulins, mosquito nets and water purifying tablets as well as coordinating information on the number of displace d hoi polloi and where they have been resettled. Community based projects have been initiated aimed at empowering the local community with the skills to withstand flooding thereby mitigating its effects.Structural measures were aimed at constructing dams and channels to control run-off during the rainy season while non-structural measures focused on resettlement, prognostic and setting aside areas to settle the displaced. (Madamombe, 2005, p. 18) In early 2007, such efforts bore fruit as hundreds of families were safely evacuated into Arda Estates of Mzarabani District following devastating floods that swept away over 600 homesteads in Chadereka Village.The displaced families were then allocated small plots within the Estates for subsistence farming while the remainder had to rely on handouts from NGOs such as Catholic Development focussing (CADEC) and IOM. Assistance require in undertaking program These projects required some level of assistance in the form of multi- heavensal meetings on flood management, funding, campaigns and governmental legislation on disaster management.The Zimbabwe government introduced the Civil tax shelter Act, the Water Act (1998) and the Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Management Act from each one aimed at addressing an serve plan of action for disaster management/mitigation. Zimbabwe is also a member of the Zambezi Action Program (ZACPRO), an scuttle which aims to integrate all countries lying within the Zambezi basin to utilize it as a shared resource. However, each country follows its own policy on managing its portion of the Zambezi basin.(Madamombe, 2004, p. 3) Shortcomings The Zimbabwe government faced a variety of vault in its resettlement efforts inadequate funding, disease, resistance from local families and logistical barriers. The governments expenditure on disaster management is quite minimal and hence in a major catastrophe, private sector and international community would have to be approached for assista nce. (Madamombe, 2005, p. 20)Since resettlement is a recurrent process, most displaced families returned to their homes preferring to risk other flood than surrender their dignity and independence by living in resettlement camps. Conflicts due to shortsighted vetting of displaced persons led to undeserving cases receiving handouts while the genuine cases remained in despair and uncertainty. Greater effort is therefore required in undertaking civic education to curtail the humanitarian situation from spiraling out of control. ReferencesKetel, H. (2004). Global Warming and Human Migration Climate Change, Human Systems and Policy. Oxford, UK Eolss Publishers. Madamombe, E. (2004) Zimbabwe Flood Management Practices Selected Flood prone areas Zambezi Basin. Switzerland World meteorologic Organization/Global Water Partnership. Madamombe, E. (2005). Associated Programme on Flood Management Overview Situation Paper on Flood Management Practices. Switzerland World Meteorological Organiza tion/Global Water Partnership.