Monday, September 30, 2019

French And Indian War DBQ Essay

For decades, the French traded with the Indian tribes. This move created a civilized alliance with the Indians so that they could have a new region to claim as New France. Precious beaver furs was the main selling point. Soon enough, tensions rose whenever Pennsylvanians and Virginians decided that they also wanted to lay claims on this new found frontier land. This led to massive conflict between the colonies and ended up being one of the most brutal massacres in history. This is also known as the Seven Years’ War. The French and Indian war changed the relationship between the British and American colonies. By seeing this land as a way to enhance each’s wealth and power they would go to no extent to reach their goal, no matter what the consequences were. The French and Indian war changed the perspective of British and American colonies in about every way of economically, ideologically, and politically. Politically it effected the colonies by republicanism, ideologicall y because of independence, and economically through the taxation. In document one, the colonial power in pre-war 1754 started out as evenly disputed throughout North America. Some of the colonial power over certain parts of North America were shared between Great Britain and the French before the war. Then, the power in post-war 1763 looked as if the British had almost total control of North America. The only parts it didn’t own was Louisiana and Texas, which was owned by the Spanish. The great gain of control in power and expansion of territories for Britain led to more responsibility. When the British began taking over politically, they started changing government by wanting a republican system over the English monarchy. Document four states how the colonial militiamen were denied access to the clothes and or supplies they needed, even though they were Englishmen born, they were not the regular British. These colonial men were being held under the British powers. It was time for these men to leave to go home, but they were not yet allowed to leave. They swore to do no more duty for them while they were there since it was there time to leave, which then caused conflict because the British wanted to still have power over  them. Document three begins to talk about George Washington’s loyalty to his king and country and he has respect for his new commander General Braddock with such great experience and abilities. After the General got shot during a battle George Washington is declared to be the leader. He later on signs a treaty written in French, even though he cannot read or speak French, and by signing that treaty he is tricked into confessing that he killed a commanding officer. The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian war in 1763, according to document five. The Treaty of Paris also made Britain more powerful because Britain became the sole leading political power. The colonists praise that the threat of enemies were removed and they can begin to enjoy the freedom. Even though the Treaty of Paris ended the war there was still war expenses that were enormously expensive that made the victory less sweet because those expenses were hanging over them. 1763 the national debt doubled in Britain whenever Pitt started in office. According to document five, the British Order in Council believed that the revenue coming in from America was less than enough and insufficient. The council was saying that they needed to create a larger revenue to keep the military protection over the colonies. Also, that if new territory came along and the population expanded they would need more oversight, which costs even more money. To get the revenue needed to pay debts the British begin to enforce mercantilist policies. The trade was beginning to be regulated as required to bring in more money. To show more authority the British took greater control over the colonial Government’s affair and gave them little to no control over it. Economically, the British were in control of all revenue due to the major need of revenue to help pay the debts and they were determined to do whatever it took to get the money. In 1765 The Stamp Act was created to raise greater amounts of revenue. The Stamp Act was a tax on all paper that was required for official documents like newspapers, court documents, licenses, ships’ cargo lists, etc. It required an attached stamp for proof that the tax for it had been paid. In 1766 a worldwide resistance towards The Stamp Act evolved to try and repeal the unfair tax. Document eight begins talking about how Benjamin Franklin tells John Hughs that he is working in hopes to repeal The Stamp Act. Franklin still wants to obey the laws and avoid punishment, but he knows hostility will be shown toward the political system from the colonists. Document seven shows a cutout from a  Pennsylvanian newspaper during this crucial time in 1765. The newspaper shows rebellion by using skull and cross bone symbols to describe the times as dreadful. The newspaper leaves a place for the stamp but fills it with a skull and words that said â€Å"An emblem of the effects of the STAMP, o’ the fatal stamp.† The newspaper puts the article in the shape of a tombstone to represent the death of colonial government’s rights. The newspaper encourages the people to take a stand and rebel against The Stamp Act to bring it to an end. In conclusion, The French and Indian war was a battle between the English and French for power over colonies in North America. This battle is well known as the Seven Years War. This results with problems occurring economically, politically, and ideologically. No real winner was made from this battle because even though the British won they were in enormous amounts of debt that they couldn’ t pay off. This debt almost crashed the whole English government. The British started off by gaining power over most of North America after the war, but didn’t realize the complications that came along with it. Next, they began to make America pay revenue to help the British pay off their debt and pay for military protection services over the colonies. Finally, the Stamp Act was introduced to the colonies to tax them on official papers and this was also to help get more revenue. This caused a widespread up rise of people who did not agree with the unfair tax on paper. Tempers were flared and the peoples’ limits had been pushed far enough because of this debt. Debt was the main cause of rages within colonies, which then lead to the bursting point, known as the Revolutionary War.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Production Manager Essay

Dawn’s Train of Thought Process Chart Activity Thought 1. Before Meeting the Sales Representative i. Objective of Meeting: to discuss whether it is best to buy additional equipment accessories. ii. What will the boss might say about if I decide to buy or not to buy? iii. I never made mistake in buying the equipment maybe my boss will trust me whatever I decide on the meeting. 2. Meeting the Sales Representative – Video Presentation. i. He looks ready, maybe he has a good point. ii. Okay, he comes prepared with the video. iii. The points are okay, but do I need that right now? iv. Maybe it is expensive, just by the look at the video. 3. After the Video i. How much will that cost us? ii. Okay, it seems a good cost-benefit offer. iii. But what will my boss think of me if I decide to buy? iv. I just bought this equipment. Can I justify it? v. Okay, I’ll take risk anyway benefits outweigh the cost. vi. I’ll just explain to the boss. vii. Okay, I will get and buy that accessory. What factors would have led Dawn to come to a different decision? Here are the factors that could have altered Dawn’s decision: (i) The Sales Representative is late; (2) The boss is not satisfied with the current equipment; (3) The company is under cost-pressure; (4) The boss and Dawn is not in a good relationship; (5) The Sales representative is not well dressed; (6) The Sales representative did not prepare a flashy video; and (6) The Sales Representative could not justify the cost versus benefits. Activity Thought 1. Before Meeting the Sales Representative i. Objective of Meeting: to discuss whether it is best to buy additional equipment accessories. ii. What will the boss might say about if I decide to buy when the equipment is not achieving its purpose. iii. How can I face the boss, this might be another wrong decision to add-up with our current status. 2. Meeting the Sales Representative – Video Presentation. i. He’s late. I have many things to do. ii. The video is lame. I have much better things to do. iii. I don’t think we need it at all.    3. After the Video    In this case, even before the meeting, Dawn has already stopped thinking whether to buy or not to buy because in the middle of the meeting he has already decided. What do you believe are the implications of `framing` on our judgments and on our attempts to influence others? Are there moral considerations? Why or why not? Manufacturing, business, even life and death decisions depends on how information is framed. However there is supposedly no problem with framing because it provides us confidence to convince people to buy, to believe, to be happy or to be sad, as long as our ulterior motive is good. Framing itself is not the problem—every piece of information communicated requires a frame to convey message clearly. The problem is a larger social issue which is usually done by the government, corporation, and individuals who want to deceive people in believing something else. Example, in the medical industry, hospitals or doctors might release statements that are framed in such a way to fool people. A few years ago, British women were informed that the use of the contraceptive pill leads to a 2-fold increase in the risk of thrombo-embolism. Many stopped taking the pill, which resulted in unwanted pregnancies and abortions. If the official statement had instead been that the pill increases the risk from 1 to 2 in 14,000 women, few women would have been scared. The problem here is that it framed in a general statement not showing any evidence or numerical study results.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A lot of moral issues in these wrong framing incidents are happening everyday in our television. Media in their attempt to get higher rating tends to bubble a story and framed the headlines in such a way that people will be intrigue to watch. It often results to a different decision and perception of things aside from that which is supposed to be true. REFERENCE LIST    Frege, G. The Thought: A Logical Inquiry. Mind, New Series, Vol. 65, No. 259. July, 1956. October 10, 2008. From http://links.jstor.org Gigerenzer, Gerd, MD. ( ) Why Does Framing Influence Judgment? Journal of   Ã‚  General Internal Medicine, Volume 18, Issue 11. October 10, 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   < http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgibin/fulltext/118885195/PDFSTART> Rieber R. (Interviewer). Dialogues on the Psychology of Language and Thought Plenum (Transcript]. 1983. Schweighardt, C. Thought Process Map for Six Sigma: What, Why and How. Isixsigma Website. 2000. October 10, 2008.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Antigone

Evil not only fascinates people in general, but writers as well. In what ways and with what effect has â€Å"evil† been treated in Antigone? In the play of ‘Antigone’, evil appears in many forms. There is the soldier who is a traitor to his nation; the sister trying to prove her love for her family yet ends up breaking the law; the king who so eagerly tries to stop rule-breakers yet he himself neglects his flesh and blood. Here the difference of the two works is seen: The Earth of Mankind gives the impression that characters of power possess evil, whereas in Antigone, evil can be inside all of these opposing individuals. Polyneices, a soldier who fought against his own nation was to be punished as a traitor by not burying him after his death. When his sister, Antigone, goes against the King’s decree and burry Polyneices, she was also seen as a traitor to her country. However their other sibling, Ismene, who sits at home as Antigone fights for her brother’s right, is also said to have performed a crime of being a traitor to her family. Now something we can see from here is that each and every character involved in the story so far possesses evil. This message is summed up by Sophocles in page 204 of the book, in Ode 1, where it says, ‘O fate of man, working both good and evil! ’ What the writer is trying to convey here is more realistic than what is said in ‘The Earth of Mankind’; both evil and good is naturally inside everyone’s mind.It is one’s choice to do which, but performing a crime is inevitable. Everyone has his or her own ‘evil’ deeds, not only the powerful ones. As seen in my previous explanation on who performs evil deeds in the play of ‘Antigone’, we can see that one evil act leads to another, whereas the chain of good doings ends sooner. Eteocles, who was a soldier and a brother to Antigone, fought bravely for his nation and was buried with honor by the King. Although many respect him for his virtuosity, the play didn’t show that further kindness was done because of him.However, when Polyneices betrays his nation and fought against it, a number of people are forced to perform evil in his affect. Antigone had to break the law in order to give him his right of getting a burial. Ismene, who was too scared to go against the decree, was said to be a traitor to her family, as she didn’t come to assist Antigone in her mission. They then cause Creon to imprison the sisters, punish them, which then cause him to have a fight with his son. Creon then causes death of Haimon, and therefore leads to the suicide of the Queen.On page 243, the messenger says, ‘†¦and her last breath was a curse for their father, the murderer of her sons. ’ A number of misfortunes occur as being the result of one act of evil. The play now gives the effect that evil gives more negative outcomes in comparison to good giving positive results. Here, evil is powerful enough to make such a big impact on its surrounding; bigger than the good. Creon sees Antigone as a traitor to his rules, despite her reasons. Creon imprisoned both Antigone and Ismene for the burial of the nation’s traitor, Polyneices, who is their brother.It is true that Antigone has broken the law, but according to her logic, it is more important to follow the rules of the Gods than the King. She feels that the dead, no matter what they did in their lives, deserve respect and be buried, and that it was her duty to do so as Polyneices’ sister. She didn’t care that she is breaking the decree, and may be punished to die, as long as this task is done. Creon, being a non-believer of the Gods in the beginning, thinks that breaking the law is crime, no matter for what purpose.Polyneices was a traitor and he suffers because of himself, thus no one should help him. On page 211, Creon even said to Antigone, ‘An enemy is an enemy, even dead. ’ There is truth in both arguments, and no one can say what is right. Here, the play depicts that the existence of evil depends on how one views it. ‘Antigone’ treats evil as a subjective topic, where it may be seen as a crime from one point of view, but is actually a good deed from another. No evil deed is done without a reason, and the play shows that one should explore, not only what crime has been done, but also why it was done.

Friday, September 27, 2019

Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Coursework - Essay Example ere has been an increase in demand for supplement pills in UK and what can be done by the government of UK to address the problem of vitamin deficiency. In the region of UK, both the adults and young individuals are consuming supplements. NHS reports that adults are not only consuming supplements, even children who are between six months old to five years old are even consuming supplements (NHS, 2013, p.9). One of the reasons that have motivated individuals to consume supplements and especially vitamin D supplements is that lack of vitamin D leads to various health issues such as SIDs (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). Ann Robinson cites in her article that a pathologist named Irene Scheimberg has figured out that due to deficiency of vitamin D children are experiencing SIDs and according to him eight individuals who were experiencing SIDs were even experiencing vitamin D deficiency (Robinson, 2012). Health issues experienced by infants are not only why individuals in UK are consuming vitamin supplements. Vitamin supplements are even consumed to improve fertility rates. NHS states that certain theories have proven that use of antioxidants can be helpful at the time of conception. NHS cites a research conducted on over 2,800 couples and the research figured out that the probability of woman getting pregnant increased if their husbands were consuming supplements containing antioxidants (NHS, 2013, p.10). During 2012, BBC cited a research conducted by (RCPCH) which stated that due to existence of vitamin D deficiency among 25% infants of UK, cases of rickets are elevating day by day (BBC News, 2012). Due to increased importance of vitamin supplements, there is a need to make these supplements more accessible for the population of UK. The government can take various measures to curb the issue of vitamin D deficiency. The government can firstly participate and launch programs that increase the awareness of the importance of vitamin D among the population of UK.

Thursday, September 26, 2019

You choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

You choose - Essay Example The Hammurabi code also devoted some sections to deal with the problems created by alcohol abuse. In the American society, the place of alcohol had been ambivalent. Drinking has been termed as the major cause of economic catastrophe. Drinking has been blamed for causing crimes, military defeats and diseases as well. To manage the crisis, the drinking ages have been increased in order to save young people from the vice. Since the early 1800s, organized efforts have been made to limit drinking and the role of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. However, the subject of alcohol has provoked strong conflict and controversy. Alcohol has proved to be the symbolic issue where the struggle for primacy in social status has been fought between the differing life styles. Although alcohol is associated with numerous personal and social problems, its use is widely accepted. In 1970, congress passed an amendment that granted the right to vote to citizens between the ages of 18 to 21. The movement started to extend other rights and privileges of adulthood to those aged 18. Between 1970 and 1975, some 29 states reduced their minimal drinking age. However, the change provoked even more controversy since a concern arose over the number of young people involved in car accidents that happened to be alcohol related. Certainly, there was need to do something (Hanson). In order to solve the problem, a legal solution had to be sought through legislation. In order to resolve the issue, it would be necessary to determine the age at which young people are mature into adulthood. Alcohol consumption is dangerous and sinful. It can easily lead to problems in behavior. Drinking, in any degree is undesirable because moderate social drinking is the forerunner of chronic inebriations. Young people, if not everyone, ought to be protected from alcohol. Other attempts aside from minimizing the drinking age have been made too. Such

Growth of Islamic banking in UK Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Growth of Islamic banking in UK - Case Study Example An important part of the paper is the approach of main regulator in UK to supervision and regulation of Islamic banking. Paper also specifically focuses on specific Islamic mortgage products and their development in UK market. Global size of Islamic finance has been long estimated between $200 and $500 billion with an estimated growth rate of 10-15% annually.A precise estimate escapes though.In comparison the sterling assets of UK banking sector alone amount to 2.5 trillion (around $4 trillion).Thus Islamic banking has some distance to cover . But that is just another way of emphasising the scale of the opportunity(Howard,2003). In the UK, with the exception of one purely Islamic bank there are only Islamic products on offer by Islamic arms of commercial banks(HSBC, Llyods TSB,UBS for example).A large and well-developed Islamic financial structure has not come about thus far. But there is already a significant amount of business of various kinds focussed around relatively wealthy individuals or large institutions. Some London banks use the London Metal Exchange for Murabaha. The customer buys and sells forward a metal on the London Metal Exchange and earns a profit(Howard,2003).The first service provider for islamic banking products Halal Financial Services has been set up in 2005 as full fledged company. This is first in Islamic banking space. It is actively marketing products of Ahli Bank and HSBC Amanah and propagating the concept of halal mortgage. Its Chief Executive Officer reported," At the moment it is halal mortgages but we are only looking at a matter of weeks before we see Takaful coming to the market in the UK in the middle of July(2005). Of course HSBC Amanah has also launched the UK's first Sharia compliant pension plan as well. In the same context we tend to get involved in halal commercial finance, Murabaha based commodity benchmarked transactions and so on. We will continue to diversify our product range as and when we can" (Paul, 2005).Thus a vibrant Islamic banking products' market is round the corner in UK financial markets. However strategic conditionalities as stated below must be met before this happens. Competition with conventional banks Warren Edwardes says that "Given a choice between a pure Islamic bank and a highly rated reputable international bank providing the same service, a client would rather go to the one that has a brand name than the one that provides Islamic-only services, without the brand name - so special purpose Islamic Banks will just have to keep innovating to stay in business just like the old British Merchant Banks"(Warren, 2002). To begin with renaming the Arabic terminology, such as "Ijara" with "leasing" or "Musharakah" with "equity participation", will lead to a greater understanding of the Islamic banking system. If products are structured in islamically acceptable way then Islamic banks would address a niche market. In a system where both parties to a contract have to have their Sharia compliance status verified, and where a fault at any subsequent stage of the deal can void it entirely, having a standardized set of Sharia

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Latin American Cinema (mexico) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Latin American Cinema (mexico) - Essay Example The film focuses on the mansions and estates of the happy wealthy class and director casts his sarcastic and jaundiced eye on this class and targets the bourgeois with his scathing attack in order to point out the injustice and degradation that continuously checked the progress of the poor people and poverty and injustice that is relentlessly inflicted on them. The film, Los Olivadados, is uniquely Mexican in its tone, setting and theme. The society which Bunuel chooses is also exclusively Mexican. The plot of the film may speak that â€Å"behind every beautiful city (there) are poor children† but the plot of the film has close connection with Mexican perspective. The film speaks about its protagonist who is abandoned by his mother on the streets of the city, so Bunuel choose the streets as his location and non-actors to speak his mind because he wanted this film to be made for general mass of Latin America . The film is about common man and so it displays all that a common ma n may relate with it. The film Y tu Mama Tambien is a true national cinema that attended global audience and critics. But the film in texture, theme and tone is completely Mexican. The hostility of the government, the boom-to-bust-cycles, the period of cinematic famine are all displayed and in a very much Mexican context. The film celebrates local talents of Mexico before they migrate to Hollywood. The film is quite reminiscent to Los Olivadados as it also displays some issues that are social and have deep roots in politics. The film also equally speaks about the grim face of any nation, society or state that hides its face with glittering sophistry and snobbishness. Considering the theme of the movie, it can be said that the core idea and setting of the film is reminiscent of Los Olivadados. The stories are said in a didactic way and are related with each other at their central idea which somewhere pertains to the victory,

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Social Media Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Social Media Marketing - Essay Example Considering the wide range of social media sites covered, this marketing design will have a very wide range of audience across the globe. All the socio-economic classes of the human society are reached out to by this advert, providing a strong base of potential buyers (Safko 2013). In addition to the large social media coverage, this advert gives a detailed and all inclusive description of the Tecno smartphones. The description of the features is brought out in a colorful and eye-catching animations accompanied by step by step audio explanations. The audio explanations are of a wide variety of languages; English, French, German, Kiswahili, Arabic and even some local dialects. This gives first-hand information to the audience because one does not need a translation in order to understand the information being conveyed. Translations are sometimes biased since the translator may say what they think is important. As a result a potential buyer may fail to buy the product because what they were looking for in a phone was omitted by the translator. The advert is also accompanied by a step by step tutorial on the use of the smart phone. This is optional and can be viewed by anyone who has never used a smart phone before (Zimmerman 2013). This is an added advantage as compared to the inserts and user manuals that are usually inserted in the smartphone boxes. Some of the user manuals are typed in very tiny fonts making them stannous to read. An audio version would therefore be preferred by some customers. Currently the smartphone market is flooded by very many brands of smartphones. The major smartphones in the market are; Samsung, Apple, Sony, Alcatel, LG, Infinix and many others. All these smartphones ideally have the same features and applications. The hardware and the brand names are the only variables in this industry. The availability of many brands creates a cutthroat competition, with every company trying to have a bigger share of the market. In

Monday, September 23, 2019

The Fall (of man) in Genesis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Fall (of man) in Genesis - Research Paper Example iew it, it is the â€Å"conflict of conflicts† that swayed the peace of man as he entered a new era where peace between him and fellow man, him and Gods creation was eroded. The conflict between Man and God and its solution is much similar to the conflict that exists in the contemporary society between people, countries and even leaders. As the ebb of peace is enjoyed between each tide of war, man (and countries alike) assesses previous battles, losses and gains, so as to strengthen itself for future conflicts. Seldom do men realize the very origin of conflict may be traced to the Old Testament book of Genesis. It should be understood that not every fall ends up in a war, but the source of all conflict is the result of one fall in particular. The fall of man as depicted in Genesis begins the greatest conflicts known: the conflict of man verses God; the conflict of man verses man; and the conflict of man verse creation. In the book of Genesis, Man was the most privileged work of God’s creation. God created man as the last creature after He had created the earth, a conducive environment for man. As opposed to other beings that were created out of nothingness, man was created from soil, a symbol that he was a special creation on Earth1. Much more, he was created in the image and likeness of God, to signify the close relationship that God established between man and Himself as the most privileged work of creation. This special treatment is also manifested in the nature of the responsibilities that the Lord gave to man as regards the entire work of creation. The Lord asked man to take responsibility of the land, the animals and the environment as he fends for his existence in this work of creation. In principle, man was placed as the overall in the work of creation, a superior being than no other in the Garden of Aden. When God noted that Adam was lonely, he created Eve from his own rib so that she would keep him company and wipe away his loneliness2. The love of God

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Grade 10 English True Believe Essay Essay Example for Free

Grade 10 English True Believe Essay Essay What is it about romance novels that seems to rein people in? Is it their happy endings? Or maybe their perfectly portrayed characters. Quite possibly a bit of both. Romance novels are popular throughout the world, and anyone that knows romance knows Nicholas Sparks always does a great job portraying the genre in his novels. Nicholas Sparks develops the romance genre within his novel True Believer by incorporating all the key elements of romance. The genre of Romantic Fiction has two strict criteria: The first is that the story must focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people. Secondly, the end of the story must be positive, leaving the reader believing the protagonists’ love and relationship will endure for the rest of their lives. The plot line must be substantial enough for the reader to maintain interest from chapter to chapter. (SB FMAA) A very intriguing part of the novel True Believer is how perfect the characters in the novel seem. Within a romance novel, the characters must be portrayed perfectly. The physical descriptions of characters within the novel are usually cliche and stereotypical. With his dark, wavy hair, light blue eyes, and fashionable stubble, he looked every bit the New Yorker that he was (NS 1). Lead men are shown to be handsome and perfect to draw the reader in. Characters are always portrayed with predictable personalities. You know, you really shouldn’t stare, women like a man that can be subtle (NS 49). Women are shown to be mysterious and bold, drawing the lead man in, grabbing the readers attention. True Believer shows many examples of different types of relationships. Relationships are a subject that most people compare and relate to their own lives. Within a romance novel, relationships are understandably a very important part. Romance novels sometimes include unrealistic relationships such as love at first sight. After the first time he saw her, he found it harder to let the woman’s image drift from his mind (NS 114). Love is then sprouted from the first look. Romance novels also include the main relationship being driven apart, which usually tends to be the climactic part of the novel. Please don’t ruin this for me, okay? (NS 244). The main relationship is always torn apart so that the main characters may reconcile, and this will then lead into the story’s happy ending. In the novel True Believer detailed language is used as a tool to rein in the reader. Boring, dull, lifeless language doesn’t capture the attention of a reader, therefore language is a very important and effective tool in grabbing and keeping the reader’s attention. Descriptive language is often used in romance novels. In a restored, turn-of-the-century, peach coloured Victorian (NS 40). Such language is used to keep the readers attention throughout the novel. Predictable language is also used throughout a romance novel. Wrap around porches decorated with hanging flower pots and American flags (NS 39). This gives a reader the stereotype image of what houses in a small town in America look like. This is done to relate the reader to the novel by understanding. Romance novels contain many unique characteristics. The genre of Romantic Fiction has two strict criteria: The first is that the story must focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people. Secondly, the end of the story must be positive, leaving the reader believing the protagonists’ love and relationship with endure for the rest of their lives. Nicholas Sparks brilliantly incorporates all characteristics into his novel True Believer from cliche personalities and romantic relationships to one big, happy ending, making his novel True Believer a great example of a romantic novel.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Defensive Strategies By Cadburys Against Craft Marketing Essay

Defensive Strategies By Cadburys Against Craft Marketing Essay Discuss the types of defensive strategies available to target companies and in particular, describe the strategies used by Cadbury to, albeit unsuccessfully, defend the bid by Kraft. With the development of economy and technology, competition among enterprises is becoming increasingly intense. Many companies decide to expand their companies scale and business through mergers and acquisitions to achieve maximum profits. Takeover is a business behaviour that one company is purchased by another one. There are several types of takeover, including friendly takeovers, hostile takeovers, reverse takeovers and backflip takeovers. Even though some mergers and acquisitions can bring about synergy and more substantial profits, some takeovers are not welcome. Therefore, a large numbers of measures are taken by target companies to defend the hostile takeover. In this essay, I state different types of takeover defence and their characteristics. Furthermore, I introduce their practical application taking the merger of Kraft and Cadbury as an example. Different types of defensive strategies Defensive strategies can be classified into active measures and preventive measures. Active measures consist of greenmail, standstill agreement, white knight, and so on, while preventive measures are made up of poison pills, people pill and other defences. In particular, greenmail, poison pills, staggered board terms and supermajority rules are common used defensive strategies by incumbent managers. Greenmail is purchasing enough shares of the target company to threaten its shareholders interests and then forcing the target company to agree to buy the bidders stock back at a premium as long as it does not want to be taken over. It has brought fabulous profits for investors. For example, in June 1979, Icahn Corporation in the United States bought 9.9% of the shares of the Saxon Industries Corporation at $7.21 per share. And in February 1980, Saxon repurchased its own shares held by Icahn Corporation at the price of $10.50 per share. Icahn also bought 10% of shares of Hammermill paper Corporation at 25 dollars per share in the late of 1979. After that, the latter bought back these shares held by Icahn at the price of 36 dollars per share. Icahn totally invested $20,000,000 in the merger activities and made 900 million dollars profits after these stocks were repurchased. As the US tax law regulates that the income from greenmail should pay 50 percent of the tax. Moreover, disputes often lead to high legal costs, as a result, the use of this takeover defence are greatly restricted. Stock price of the target company usually goes down after it pays greenmail to the firm which want to take over the company. For instance, in 1984, David Murdoch held 5% of Occidental Petroleums stock and forced it to take measures to increase the value of its stock. Occidental Petroleum responded to the pressure by buying Murdochs shares back at a substantial premium to the fair stock market price. It repurchased the 5 percent of stocks at a price of $40.1 per share instead of the market price of $28.75, that is, it enabled Murdoch to gain the extra 42 percent of profits to the market value and made the total profits up to 56 million dollars. After paying greenmail to Murdoch, the market price per share of Occidental Petroleum stock dropped by $0.875, indicating the market value of the company declined over 80 million dollars. Since the stock price had decreased before the announcement of the repurchase, the actual losses were more than $80 million. A poison pill, which is also called a shareholder rights plan, is the most effective defence strategy. It was devised in the mid-1980s which forced the acquiring firm to negotiate the purchase price of the stock with the target firms board of directors, rather than negotiate with shareholders directly. Even though there are different kinds of pills, they have one thing in common that they increase the cost of takeover as a transfer occurs from the bidder to shareholders. Poison pills are forbidden in some countries such as the United Kingdom. In Europe, due to the complicated political environment and the uncommon explicit poison pills, many governments can prevent companies from buying other firms by taking a series of political actions, but some hostile takeovers may be successful. There are five types of poison pills, including preferred stock plan, flipover rights plan, ownership flip-in plan, back-end rights plan and voting plan. Flipover rights plan is the most popular takeover defence in these five kinds of poison pills. Shareholders of the target firm have the right to buy stocks of the acquiring enterprise at a discounted price after the merger, which is equal to a stock dividend. In the event of the acquisition, the number of shares held by the bidder will decrease as well as stock prices. If Corporation A decide to merger with Corporation B and Corporation B have the option to purchase As shares at a discount, the acquisition cost is quite expensive for A so that it may choose to give up the acquisition of B ultimately. An acquirer which has gained over fifty percent of a target firms stocks may be unable to take over the company as some companies have regulations that who acquire at least two thirds supports from shareholders and sometimes 90% of shares have the right in charge of the company. Staggered board of directors or classified board refers to that the board of directors is divided into different classes, and companys articles of association formulate that only a part of directors, commonly one third or one fourth, can be re-elected each year. The measure means that even if the acquirer has held enough shares of the target firm and gained control of the company, it can neither make a substantive restructuring of the board of directors nor immediately take over the board of directors. The staggered board of directors plays a significant role in delaying the process of hostile takeover. As the majority of directors in the board are original, they still hold the majority voting power and contr ol the company. They can decide to broad investments and increase their shares to dilute the bidders stock shares, or take other actions to achieve the purpose of anti acquisition. Staggered Boards is an effective takeover defence that has less impact on share prices. Case Study: Cadburys defences against the bid of Kraft Cadbury is an international company to produce, promote and distribute sweets and beverage products. It is the worlds second largest confectionery company as well as the second largest chewing gum company. Kraft food is the second largest food company in the world, whose core products are coffee, candy, dairy products and beverages. It has over sixty thousand employees around the world and has launched business in 145 countries. Even though the American blue-collar are enthusiastic about Kraft products, Krafts sales performance was far less than expectation as its revenue declined by 6%. Due to the excessive reliance on low end market and the lack of new growth points, Kraft faced a crucial decision: one was introducing new products and promoting a new brand, the other was taking over the existing namely brands. On 28 August 2009, Rosenfeld, the chairman of Kraft, proposed an offer to absorb Cadbury at a price which was 31% higher than the closing price at that day and amounted to nearly 10.2 billion pounds. Although Roger, the chairman of Cadbury realized that the development of the company size had suffered bottlenecks, he convinced that in the acquisition game, Cadbury would be able to reap the initiative opportunity. On 7 September, Cadbury formally stated that it rejected Krafts acquisition, because the proposed acquisition greatly underestimated the value and development prospects of Cadbury. Because of the acquisition news, Cadburys share price rose by 37% at that day, causing its total market value up to an unprecedented 106 billion pounds, which was more than Krafts bid. On September 22nd, intolerable Cadbury asked the British MA supervision institution to give a ruling to Kraft, forcing it to nail down before the 9 November. If it cannot submit a more reasonable offer, Kraft would not take acquisition activities within at least six months. Immediately, Rosenfeld said that Kraft did not have to take over Cadbury. This made a lot of Cadburys shareholders begin to worry that Cadburys share price would collapse if Kraft gave up the acquisition. Roger appeased shareholders and he believed that refusing the acquisition and remaining independence of Cadbury could bring about best interests to shareholders. Cadbury was confident of its independent strategy and development prospective in the future, while merging with Kraft, which had low growth, may have an obscure prospect. On October 21st, Cadbury released the third-quarter financial statement which indicated that the quarterly revenue rose by 7%. On that day, its stock price reached a record high, with a total market value as much as 11.08 billion pounds. Shareholders of Cadbury took the opportunity to express that if Krafts offer was 122 million pounds, they were able to discuss on the issue of acquisition. This price was 20 billion pounds higher than Krafts original offer price. On 9 November, Kraft announced that it would launch a hostile bid for Cadbury in accordance with the previous offer. In late November 2009, the US Hershey Corporation, the Italian Ferrero Corporation and Nestlà © of Switzerland had expressed their willingness to bid. Therefore, Cadbury must not be so easily accept Krafts offer. Because Kraft is not the only one which tended to take over Cadbury, while Cadbury is almost the only choice for Kraft. Roger Carr said that Cadbury preferred to merger with Hershey rather than Kraft, because this merger was expected to generate higher earnings per share. It was reported that the directors of Cadbury secretly contacted Hersheys directors to encourage it to act as a white knight and launch a tender offer in order to compete with Kraft. It is a takeover defence known as white knight. When a company become the hostile takeover target, it may invite another company to make friendly acquisition proposal to defuse the pressure of hostile takeovers. The company which is invited to help the target firm defend hostile takeovers is called white knight. Success for the Cadbury takeover would bring about less synergy and make Nestle face antitrust scrutiny, while Hershey had no ability to bear acquisitions without Ferreros assistance. As a result, they gave up taking over Cadbury. Finally, Krafts merger of Cadbury was successful at the price of $19.5 billion. Conclusion Takeover defences mentioned above are effective and commonly used measures to resist the hostile takeover of acquiring firms. Different strategies have different characteristics and applications. For instance, staggered broad of directors has less influence with the companys stock price than greenmail, while poison pills are forbidden in some countries. The merger of Cadbury and Kraft is a well-known and significant MA case in this century. Even if Cadbury had taken a series of actions to defend Krafts takeover and achieve some results initially, causing Kraft had to sell its pizza business at a super low price and issue new shares, eventually, Kraft gained the victory of the campaign. In my opinion, adopting efficient defensive strategies do not mean obtaining desired results. The surrounding economic environment and views of counterparty also play a vital role in merger and acquisition activities.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Blessing in Disguise :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adolescence is a period in life where one makes mistakes and learns from them. However, most mistakes have consequences and repercussions. At the age of 17, my parents decided to move the entire family back to our homeland, Dominican Republic, after discovering that my sister and I had been â€Å"borrowing† their car while they slept and driving it without driver licenses. After the initial shock and resentment wore off, I realized that moving to Dominican Republic was the best thing that ever happened for three major reasons: I grew closer to my one and only sister, my grades improved, and I became more independent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin, I grew closer to my one and only sister for a few reasons. For instance, we attended the same school in Dominican Republic as opposed to when we were in Miami. Secondly, since we were both experiencing the same emotions, we were able to comfort each other. Third, having a mutual goal of moving back to Miami on our own made us more than sisters, it made us partners in crime. To this day, our relationship keeps going strong and we are closer than ever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition, my grades improved. Before we left Miami, I had just barely passed 11th grade, and was looking at a rough senior year. Since the private high school my parents enrolled me in had a different format than my old school, my chances of graduating on time increased. Also, there was less distraction, and I was actually turning my work in by its due date. Last, I became much more interested in college and my future. This was a huge change from the girl whose last thought was a college education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally, I became more independent. I realized that in order to make it on my own, I needed to grow up. With the help of my parents, I learned to cook and clean. One can only eat junk food for so long before you start missing a real, homemade meal. Next, I got a job and started budgeting for my upcoming move. I also made living arrangements for both my sister and I in Miami, as well as, research what type of employment was available for high school graduates.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Christianity in a Postmodern World :: essays research papers

Christian Belief in a Postmodern World: The Full Wealth of Conviction Others have tried to do what Diogenes Allen, Professor of Philosophy at Princeton Theological Seminary, does in his book but none with his breadth or effectiveness. That is, others have attempted to exploit for theism's benefit the hard times now befalling the modern world's emphasis on scientific reasoning and pure rationality, which for quite a while had placed Christianity (and religious belief in general) on the intellectual and cultural defensive. Many of these earlier attempts made use of the Wittgensteinian concepts of "form of life" or "language game" to show that both science and religion depended on unproven assumptions and therefore rested equally on grounds without firm foundations. These kinds of attempts, however, could most always aim no higher than to make the world safe for fideism. And fideism is not to defend the faith. What makes Allen's contribution special and important is his effort to examine in a philosophically rigorous way what we mean w hen we say Christianity is true. He quotes Colossians 2:2 at the start of his book, but I Peter 3:15 is just as appropriate for what follows: "Always be prepared to make a defense to any one who calls you to account for the hope that is in you, yet do it with gentleness and reverence." Allen is very clear whom he is writing for and what his intentions are: "to give those who have no faith compelling rational grounds to become seekers and to those who have faith a greater degree of assurance and understanding than they can attain while constrained by the modern mentality." He divides his book into three parts. The first part begins with a mapping of our current intellectual terrain. In many ways, modernism committed the docetist heresy to human thought. It failed to see human thought as truly embodied and enculturated. Rather, human intellection consisted in pristine, pure rationality undisturbed by culture, bias, or the vagaries of historical situation. Modernism valued evidence and empirical confirmation and therefore strived to remain valueneutral to mirror a phenomenal world that was itself held value-neutral. The author challenges this way of human knowing and finds it insufficient and incapable of meeting the deepest needs of being human. In so doing , he sheds light on the relation between science and religion. Much of this material is rather provocative intellectual history, including a particularly interesting analysis of the Galileo affair and how it was used for polemical purposes by those hostile to theism.

Deception in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othello Shakespeare Decept

Deception in Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One may readily perceive the theme of Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello† as deception. Deception appears many times in Othello, but in almost every incident the degree of deception is different. Deception is to â€Å"deceive another, illusion, or fraud† (Webster’s New World Pocket Dictionary 69), which is seen as a wrongful act. However, deception may be used to protect someone from getting hurt therefore being used with good intentions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The very first act of deception is done by the character Desdemona. Desdemona hides her relationship with Othello from her father, knowing he will disapprove due to Othello’s race. Brabantio says, â€Å"O, she deceives me/Past thought!† (1.1.163-164). Desdemona’s reasoning for deceiving her father was to protect him. â€Å"Desdemona’s devotion to her husband is almost superhuman, as is her courage in marrying him over the objections of her father, the Venetian senator Brabantio.â€Å" (Andrews 132). She knew her father would eventually find out the truth, but she felt that by hiding her relationship with Othello, she would be delaying the inevitable pain which her father was going to feel. Since Desdemona loved her father, her deception was done with only good hearted intentions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Desdemona again deceives another, but this time it is her husband, Othello. Othello asks Desdemona for a handkerchief which he gave to her, for he had suspicions she was cheating on him. When asked about the whereabouts of the handkerchief, ...

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Effects of a Strong or Weak Philippine Peso Currency Essay

Two conflicting stories came out of a national paper this week. One announced that exporters are badly hurt by the appreciating peso while the other states that the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) claims that the surging currency is beneficial to the Philippine economy. Those stories seem to tell the Filipinos that we cannot have our cake and eat it too. Whenever there is a good effect, there is a corresponding draw back. Let us take the first statement. There are two types of exporters. One is who imports raw materials, processes it and exports the finished product. The other is one who buys or produces the raw material locally, processes it and exports the result. In the first case, we export only labor. In the second, we export labor and raw material converted by labor into finished product. When the peso is weak, more pesos are spent to buy raw materials. The product is sold to earn a strong dollar. Then labor is paid in weak peso. When the peso is strong, there will be less pesos spent acquiring raw material. Then the finished product is sold earning weak dollars. There will be more dollars needed to pay labor in strong pesos. What exporters are afraid of is our finished product will be less competitive in the world market if a strong peso raises production costs. Labor costs will rise because there will be more dollars to be converted to pesos to be spent for labor. What will be affected are the export processing zones. Finished products will be less competitive in the world market. Profits will dive and factories may close. On the other hand, the quality of the peso in the world market is raised. We will need less pesos to service our external debt in dollars. There will be more investors coming because they can earn more than when the peso is weak. Philippine economy will be stronger. There will be more investors coming because the strong peso earned will compensate their efforts. The BSP argues that the peso surge is but temporary. Market forces will eventually force the peso to seek its level. Overseas workers are the ones responsible for the strong peso. When remittances slow down the peso will depreciate. There is a tendency for the overseas workers to live permanently in the place where they work if the government of the country will allow. The sad part of the business is that even if the peso appreciates, it is never felt locally. Local prices will remain the same. Take for example oil products. If the world market for liquid petroleum gas rises, our local prices rise along with it. If it falls the peso price for Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) will remain the same. Even if the peso appreciates, there is still no roll back in LPG prices. There must be something wrong with our economics. Perhaps we would be much thankful that the peso appreciates. We are an importing country. Since birth we have been conditioned to believe that anything imported is excellent. Imported wines, whiskeys, cigarettes, chocolates, perfumes and cars are better appreciated than local products. With the appreciating pesos, plus the General Agreement on Trade and Tariff all imported luxuries will now be within the reach of the locals. The incoming dollars will go out again. Our overseas workers will have to stay longer if not forever just to keep our economy afloat. While economy is on the rise, we do not institute measures to keep it up. Our economic planners must pull their acts together. We still are not aware how the strong peso affects the small and medium enterprises. If there is any benefit from the surging currency, the influence must be felt locally in any way otherwise the natives will never be able to benefit from the situation. Is the surging peso beneficial or detrimental?

Monday, September 16, 2019

Globalization on the people of Belize. Essay

Local and regional tensions have increased while the prospects of conflict with regional states have increased. In certain cases globalization has become a disruptive force by fragmenting the state of Belize. Some groups inside Belize have opposed globalization because of their strong nationalism and sense of identity (Barnett 69, 2000). Trade agreements with larger countries has allowed for the removal of all obstacles to corporate infiltration of Belize. Companies extend their businesses to Belize where labor force allows them to accumulate high profits at the expense of local workers and government. They also exploit Belize as they employ person outside the country work in the higher paying jobs. Most of the profits made by these corporations is sent outside the region and not spent inside Belize. The trade of Belize has also been affected because corporations have the technology and financial resources to produce goods and services at cheaper prices and bulk quantities as compared with the domestic market. Some local business organizations in Belize have lost their identities in the global trade (Barnett 68, 2000). Globalization also creates a strong sense of nationalism because it restricts the ability of Belizean government to control its policies. It has allowed free access to markets which were once protected. The country has found itself open to unfair competition with vastly larger neighboring countries. The economy has been vulnerable to the world price of commodities like sugar cane, bananas and other agricultural products. Globalization has a negative impact on the culture of Belize. The people of Belize are exposed to the music, news, sporting events, television shows, and movies which come out of the United States of America. The younger citizens of Belize are attracted to the culture of the US. They have marginalized the traditional music and arts of their country. Cultural events of the country have been ignored by the youth of Belize. Since American media has a culture of violence, these negative aspects have been transferred to the youth of Belize. There have been rise in crime and violence in the country. Health and environment also have negative repercussions from the advent of globalization. Transportation technology has made communications more efficient and less time consuming but it has also contributed to the spread of deadly and infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS (Neuman 30, 2003). The country is also at risk of global warming which is a negative byproduct of globalization. Global warming has occurred because of the burning of fossil fuels and creation of nuclear waste. Industrialized countries produce and exchange goods rapidly which forces the environment to become more lethal and toxic. Small countries like Belize have been affected by the rise of global warming. They are at threat because of the changes in weather patterns, increased costs in fuels, inflation, and potential environmental disasters (Neuman 30, 2003). The environmental degradation of Belize has been one of the negative aspects of globalization. Many animal species are at threat because of environmental pollution in Belize. Recommendations Belize has witnessed the positive and negative impact of globalization. The opening of its economy and markets has helped to increase the level of social spending in the country. The health and education indicators have also improved. The economy has also registered moderate economic growth. Globalization has helped the country to increase the standard of living. Belize has a robust economy which is dependant on financial services, sugar cane, shrimp, tourism, and oil reserves. The economy however faces challenges because of the substantial foreign debt. The political system is open and tolerant as compared with regional states. But it is recommended that Belize continue to focus on political transparency and accountability. The political system must be enhanced by ensuring that policy making is strong. The institutions of the country must also be strengthened which would assist the country in making better policy decisions. The Belizean government must strive to limit the negative affects of globalization. The culture of violence, crime, disease, environmental pollution is severe threats to the country. Belize Telemedia must continue to expand its network and deploy technologies in the rural areas. It must decrease its reliance on fixed telephone services which have witnessed declining revenues. It must improve the coverage and range of cellular services which is the fastest growing sector in the country. It is also recommended that BTL continue to enhance its services by promoting efficiency and reliability. BTL should increase its fixed line, cellular, and internet services to the rural areas which would benefit the local economy. Conclusion Globalization is a controversial topic which has sparked fierce debates in the world. Belize is a small country located in Central America. It has been the recipient of the positive and negative aspects of globalization. On the positive side, the economy is liberal, open, and private. It has reduced its tariffs and duties on several goods. Globalization has helped the country to link with international markets. International corporations have invested in the country which has led to the development of infrastructure and business. The country also has a robust domestic private sector which has advertised the services and goods of Belize. Tourism has substantially increased with the advent of globalization. It is a major source of revenue in the country. Tourists can now use cheap and less time consuming modes of transportation to travel to the country. The economy of Belize is still vulnerable to the external shocks of commodity prices in the world. The increased role of multinational corporations has also reduced the ability of the government to control its policies. The youth of Belize have been influenced by the culture of the US. There has been an increase in crime and spread of diseases like HIV/AIDS. Belize Telemedia has also been successful because of globalization and trade liberalization. It has increased its network coverage and provision of various services. The company now provides cellular, fixed line, internet, and data communication services to urban and rural areas. It has also deployed wireless networks for rural residents and business organizations. References: Kalinina, Olga. (2008). Belize. Standard Poors. 1 (2), 1-24. Neuman, Stephanie G. (ed. ). Small States and Segmented Societies. New York: Praeger, 2003 Furtado, Celso. Economic Development of Central America. (2d. ed. ; trans. , Suzette Macedo. ). (Cambridge Latin America Series. ) London: Cambridge University Press, 2005 Jeffrey, Henry B. , and Colin Baber. Belize: Politics, Economics, and Society. Boulder, Colorado: Rienner, 2006. Barnett, Carla Natalie. â€Å"The Political Economy of Land in Belize: `Machete Must Fly’. † (Ph. D. dissertation. ) Mona, Kingston Jamaica: University of the West Indies, 2000. Barry, Tom. Belize: A Country Guide. Albuquerque, New Mexico: Inter-Hemispheric Education Resource Center, 2005 Bolland, O. Nigel. Land in Belize. Kingston, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 2006. Broad, David. â€Å"Belize: On the Rim of the Cauldron,† MonthlyReview, 2007, 38-42. Fernandez, Julio A. Belize: Case Study for Democracy in Central America. Brookfield, Vermont: Gower, 2006 Brock, Gerald (2005) Telecommunication Policy for the Information Age: From Monopoly to Competition. Harvard University Press Mansell, Robin (2007). The New Telecommunications: a political economy of network evolution. London, SAGE Publications Calabrese, A. and D. Jung (2007). Broadband telecommunications in Central America. Telecommunication Policy 16 BTL. (2008). Belize Telemedia Limited. Available: http://www. belizetelemedia. net/directors-report-2007. php. Last accessed 2 Aug 2008 Cronin, F. J. , E. B. Parker, et al. (2007). Telecommunication Infrastructure investment and economic-development. Telecommunication Policy 17 Fox, W. F. and S. Porca (2007). Investing in Rural Infrastructure. International Regional Science Review 24.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Wgu Kot 2

Medicare, the Uninsured, and International Healthcare Review Western Governors University Medicare, the Uninsured, and International Healthcare Review Healthcare and healthcare reform are hot topics of debate in today's society. As the population grows and life expectancy increases, the nation faces many challenges in providing healthcare benefits to the people. â€Å"According to the report, titled Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2010, 49. 9 million Americans or 16. 3 percent of the total US population had no health insurance in 2010.That percentage represents a slight increase on 2009’s figures, when 49 million citizens or 16. 1 percent of the population was uninsured† (Gamser, 2011). Unless there is a turnaround in their economic downfall, unemployment rate, and healthcare reform these numbers will most likely continue to increase. This paper will discuss some of these issues and how they impact two different families. The paper wi ll look at Mrs. Zwick, a 77-year-old female who was hospitalized for five days following a minor stroke and is then transferred to the skilled nursing facility for rehabilitation.Her rehabilitation is delayed 10 days into her stay due to a hospital acquired urinary tract infection. Discussion will include coverage for her medical care using Medicare Part A, Part B and Part D. Discussion will also include how the hospital acquired infection is not reimbursed by Medicare. Finally the paper will discuss how Mr. Davis, a gentleman with chronic sickle cell anemia and loses his job position due to his illness, will have the option to continue insurance coverage by way of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA).Discussion will include two challenges that state or local government face when providing care for the uninsured with long-term or chronic illnesses. Elaboration on one of the challenges will be further described. Due to his frustrations with loss of his employmen t, healthcare coverage, and his chronic sickle cell anemia, Mr. Davis verbalizes he wish he lived in another country. Through investigation of healthcare in Great Britain, Japan, Germany, and Switzerland this paper will discuss which of these countries would best benefit Mr. Davis if you ere to become a citizen there. Mrs. Zwick was hospitalized for five days following a mild stroke, and then transferred to a skilled nursing facility for rehabilitation with projected discharge in 21 days. However it is discovered that she developed a hospital acquired urinary tract infection 10 days into her rehabilitation requires IV antibiotics to treat. The infection leads per week and unable to continue her rehabilitation until the urinary tract infection is cleared. As a result, instead of 21 days in rehabilitation she has to stay 40 days.When discharged she was giving a prescription for several medications and a walker. Her daughter inquires about the bills from other is insured with Medicare Part A, Part B and Part D and asks the nurse if she can explain the benefits to her. Medicare Part A, which is also known as hospital insurance, is usually provided free since Medicare taxes are paid into the program while working. â€Å"Part A is hospital insurance that helps cover inpatient care in hospitals, skilled nursing facility, hospice, and home health care† (Medicare. gov, n. d. ). Cherry and Jacob (2011, p. 28) states that Medicare is a federal health insurance plan for Americans 65 and older and certain disabled people. The client must be eligible for Social Security or Railroad retirement. The nurse would explain that Medicare Part A will cover the cost of the hospital stay as well as the skilled nursing and rehabilitation stay. Medicare Part B she explains is considered to be the medical insurance. This will cover services such as physician services, services and supplies that are needed to diagnose and treat her medical condition and would also cover certain pr eventative services such as flu vaccines (Medicare. ov, n. d. ). This would cover the rehabilitation services that her mother has received while in the rehabilitation center as well as the walker that was prescribed by the physician at the time of discharge. Medicare Part D is the prescription drug plan. There are various options under this portion of Medicare and depending on the one that your mother has chosen would base the amount of coverage that she would receive for prescription medications. This does not necessarily cover the full cost of the prescription medications; there are deductibles and copayments that must be met. The hospital acquired rinary tract infection that Mrs. Zwick developed during her hospital stay is not covered by Medicare. Research of an article in Medical News Today states: â€Å"Starting in 2009, Medicare, the US government's health insurance program for elderly and disabled Americans, will not cover the costs of â€Å"preventable† conditions, m istakes and infections resulting from a hospital stay. So for instance, if you are on Medicare and you pick up a hospital acquired infection while you are being treated for something that is covered by Medicare, the extra cost of treating the hospital acquired infection will no longer be paid for by Medicare.Instead, the bill will be picked up by the hospital itself since the rules don't allow the hospital to charge it to you† (Paddock, 2007). Healthcare acquired infections (HAI) not only contribute to exorbitant amounts of financial burden on the healthcare system but also attribute to staggering numbers of patient deaths. â€Å"Healthcare acquired infections (HAIs) are infections that patients contract while receiving treatment for medical and surgical conditions. The U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that HAIs contracted in U. S. ospitals account for approximately two million infections, 99,000 deaths, and an estimated $4. 5 billion in excess costs annually† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009) More recent results show a very minuscule decline in these types of infections. It is but a mere scratch at the surface of the deeply rooted problem within our healthcare systems. There are ethical implications as well in treating Mrs. Zwick’s healthcare acquired infection. As healthcare providers, there is a duty to do no harm. Ethically we must do the right thing as an advocate for patient safety.To attain these standards the healthcare provider must diligently be cognizant of infection control measures and ways to improve current practice. Examples include strict hand hygiene, aseptic technique, and current best practice as defined by evidenced based medicine. The continuous monitoring and surveillance of all healthcare acquired infections looking for trends. Perhaps it is a specific hospital unit or employee. These identifiers will assist through education and competency in the correction and preven tion of future occurrences.Healthcare as a whole also has an ethical obligation to make known to the patient, patient families and the community these HAI’s when discovered. This paper will now focus on Mr. Davis who was terminated by his employer for extended absences due to hospitalizations from chronic sickle cell anemia. Even though Mr. Davis is unemployed his employer must offer him the opportunity to continue his healthcare benefit under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA).COBRA requires employers with more than 20 employees to provide the employee and his family the opportunity to continue medical benefits for up to 18 months. This includes voluntary or involuntary job loss, decreased work hours, changing jobs, and various life changing events. The employee may be responsible for paying the entire premium to continue this healthcare coverage. COBRA can also impose fines of up to $110 per day to employers that fail to offer continued healthcare be nefits to the separated employee. (U. S. Department of Labor, n. d. ) Should Mr.Davis remain unemployed beyond the 18 month limit imposed by COBRA, state and local government are usually called upon to provide assistance. There are options available but often times these require months or even years to get assistance and quite frequently require the assistance of an attorney to receive benefits. Medicaid is probably the most widely known and the recommended source of state medical assistance. The Medicaid program is a federal and state grant program that used primarily for the disabled, low income families with dependent children, and people who are confined in nursing homes with low income levels.The state is responsible for setting the guidelines of eligibility for this program. Once Medicaid is approved for an individual, the coverage can be retroactive for up to three months from the time it was approved. Indigent and underinsured medical care must be funded by state and local g overnment. This challenge is usually met through taxation. Each municipality and sometimes healthcare district must budget to provide care for its citizens through state and local tax. Depending on the economic region this can present a huge challenge.For example, areas of Florida where migrant farmers are present may have to budget more for healthcare than a wealthier district such as West Palm Beach. So in reality, all working citizens pay for the indigent healthcare in their particular municipality. In Texas such budgeting and care is known as the Indigent Health Care and Treatment Act passed in 1985. This act spells out what basic services must be allowed for the indigent in each county. If more care is provided then it is the local governments’ responsibility to pay for it.Other state and local programs may include State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) which is also a state and national government run program designed for families that don't meet the minimum requirements for Medicaid due to income even though the income is still modestly below poverty level. Local and state governments may also provide other benefits such as free clinics, public health, Meals on Wheels, subsidized housing, discounted transportation services, food stamps, and free or discounted childcare for working parents.Local consumers have even pitched in by providing either free or drastically reduced prescription medications that are commonly prescribed to provide assistance during these tough economic times. Mr. Davis had mentioned in his frustration that at times he wished he lived in another country. His hope would be that healthcare would be more accessible to him. This paper will look at the healthcare system of four different countries Great Britain, Japan, Germany, and Switzerland. After a brief review of the healthcare systems in these countries this paper will focus on one country's health care system that would benefit Mr.Davis the most. Discussion of th is country's healthcare system will examine areas such as medication coverage, pre-existing conditions coverage, requirements if necessary for healthcare specialist evaluation and the access for retired people, children, and the unemployed. The healthcare system in Great Britain is considered to be socialized medicine. Basically what this means is that the citizens of Great Britain pay taxes for health care and in return the government-run National Health Service (NHS) provides and pays those funds to healthcare providers.There are no fees when a patient sees a physician since most physicians and nurses are government employees. In order to see a specialist patients must first visit there general practitioner for a referral. Physician visits are free; however there are fees for prescription medications. â€Å"Young people and the elderly are exempt from all drug co-pays† (Public Broadcast System, n. d. ). A major problem with this healthcare system according to Tanner (2008 p . 4) is the extremely long waits for healthcare and depending upon the patient's severity of illness, a procedure such as an open heart surgery for someone deemed too ill or too old by the government may be denied treatment. Switzerland has long been considered to have one of the best healthcare systems in the world. However it is not without its drawbacks. The overall cost for healthcare and Switzerland is second only to the United States. Even still is far less than what the United States spends on healthcare. All residents residing in Switzerland are required to purchase basic healthcare insurance with them three months of residency.Swiss law requires all citizens to purchase a basic package of health insurance, an individual mandate. The term basic benefits package is somewhat misleading since the required benefits are quite extensive, including inpatient and outpatient care, care for the elderly and the physically and mentally handicapped, long-term nursing home care, diagnosti c tests, prescription drugs, and complementary and alternative therapies. (Tanner, 2008 p. 25) The Swiss government does provide assistance for those that are low income and can't afford to pay the healthcare premiums.It is expected that citizens pay no more than 10% of their income on healthcare premiums. Referrals to specialists are not required by the primary care physician. There are no exclusions for pre-existing conditions. Private rooms in the hospital and dental insurance require a supplemental policy and are not covered in the basic plan. Healthcare in Germany is based primarily on two types of insurances, public and private insurance. Anyone earning a salary in Germany must have public health insurance. This public health insurance covers not only the employee of German citizenship but all nonworking dependents as well.There is no added cost for pre-existing conditions. Pregnant women are provided public health insurance for free. The premium for the insurance is around 5% of the person’s total income. Referrals are not required to see a specialist but higher co-pay may be charged. If a person opts out of the public health insurance for private insurance he cannot go back later to the public health insurance, even if income drops below the level required for private insurance (Underwood, 2009). The unemployed people are covered through a social fund which pays the physicians fee.This paper will now discuss the healthcare system in Japan. The Japan healthcare system would probably be the most beneficial for Mr. Davis of the four countries that we have researched. There are two types of healthcare insurance in Japan, National Health Insurance and Employees’ Health Insurance. Anyone who cannot afford healthcare insurance is provided with public assistance. The premium for the Employees’ Health Insurance is usually split between the employer and the employee; although there are some companies that will pay more. â€Å"Everyone in Ja pan is covered by insurance for medical and dental care and drugs.Insurers do not compete, and they all cover the same services and drugs for the same price† (Arnquist, 2009). The government decides on the fee schedule. Insurance premiums are not held or inflated for pre-existing conditions. Premiums are based on taxable income for the National Health Insurance. This insurance is for the self-employed, retirees and students. â€Å"The financial resources for unemployment benefits are covered by insurance premiums paid by employees and employers (they equally bear the amount equivalent to 0. 8% of workers' wages) and by the National Treasury† (The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2011).Healthcare is free for all children under the age of six. So as a result Mr. Davis would be well covered under Japan's healthcare system. Mr. Davis will have coverage for his medications, he would be able to see any specialist of his choice although a premium might be added without ha ving a referral, and there is no denial or rate increase for pre-existing conditions and the healthcare system provides for children, the unemployed and retired persons. In summation, this paper has discussed Medicaid Part A, B, and D. There is discussion on how COBRA would help Mr. Davis continue his insurance while he's out of work.There has been discussion of at least two challenges that both local and state government would face in providing care for Mr. Davis. And then finally there is some discussion of healthcare in Great Britain, Germany, Switzerland, and of course Japan which is the system that was chosen for Mr. Davis. While researching this paper it is discovered that healthcare reform is needed not only in the United States of America but throughout the entire world as well. The hope is that one day everyone will be afforded some type of healthcare coverage. References Arnquist, S. (2009, August 25). Health care abroad: Japan.Retrieved from http://www. prescriptions. blo gs. nytimes. com/2009/08/25/health-care-abroad-japan/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009, December 31). Healthcare acquired infection and prevention plan. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/HAI/pdfs/stateplans/or. pdf Cherry, B. , & Jacob, S. R. (2011). Contemporary Nursing issues, trends, & management (5th ed. ). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Gamser, M. (2011, September 16). US Census Shows Little Change in Number of Uninsured Americans. Retrieved from http://www. globalsurance. com/blog/us-census-shows-little-change-in-number-of-uninsured-americans-420520. tml Medicare. gov (n. d. ). Medicare Benefits. Retrieved from http://www. medicare. gov/navagation/medicare-basics/medicare-benefits/part-a. aspx? AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 Paddock, C. (2007, August 20). Medicare will not pay for hospital mistakes and infections, new rules. Retrieved from http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/80074. php Public Broadcast System (n. d. ). Sick around the world. Retrieved f rom http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sickaroundtheworld/countries/ Tanner, M. (2008, March 18). The grass is not always greener: a look at national health care systems around the world.Retrieved from http://www. scribd. com/doc/13673626/–the–grass–is–not-always–greener–a–look–at–national–health–care-systems–around–the–world–Cato–policy–analysis–no–613– The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (2011). Second periodic report by the government of Japan under articles 16 and 17 of the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights. Retrieved from http://www. mofa. go. jp/policy/human/econo_rep2/article9. html U. S. Department of Labor (n. d. ). Health plans & benefits, continuation of health coverage-COBRA. Retrieved from http://www. dol. gov/dol/topic/health-plans/cobra. htm Underwood, A. (2009,

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Ignorance Is Bliss

Ignorance is Bliss In Sophocles’ â€Å"Oedipus Rex† and Athol Fugard’s â€Å"Master Harold and the Boys† we see the protagonists evolve from ignorance to knowledge in several different ways. As we watch this evolution we see both characters start at ignorance in very similar ways and while both take very different routes they end their journeys with similar complex consequences resulted from the knowledge they gain along the way. In â€Å"Oedipus Rex† the protagonist, Oedipus, starts from his entrance in the story at a place of ignorance.He is naive to the truth about his life and the direction it is heading. Oedipus is unaware that he is King Laios’ son and he will ultimately fulfill his destiny to kill his father and marry his mother, no matter what steps he or his parents take it is a fate they cannot run from. Oedipus’ knowledge comes only later when he realizes the truth, that he is in fact King Laios’ son and when he murde red the king along the road where the three highways meet he did in fact kill his father and go on to marry his mother (Anti 2. 192).The knowledge of the seer’s prophecy coming true leads to Oedipus’ ruin. In â€Å"Master Harold and the Boys† the protagonist is Hally the seventeen year old shop owners son. The reader is shown Hally’s ignorance by how he acts with Sam and Willie. Hally treats these men as friends, particularly with Sam, the two are more like companions then a white boy and black hired help. Instances of this ignorance are seen in the way they spent their time together. Hally naively believes that him and Sam can be friends despite the place and time they are in and how is father treats them.Hally believes that since progress is seen in the world that he can escape his fathers beliefs and that despite Sam’s observation that some people are bad and that’s just the way it is: â€Å"Hally: It doesn’t have to be that way. There is something called progress, you know. We don’t exactly burn people at the stake anymore† (482). Like Oedipus, Hally is trying his best to fight his fate but he is only moving himself closer to it. Hally’s knowledge really comes when he and Sam begin fighting. When Hally is upset he takes that out on Sam because he can.He talks to Sam in a way only previously done by his father. This entire scene shows the realization that Hally truly is more like his father then he wanted to admit. Both Hally and Oedipus discover truths about themselves that they did not like and tried to run from, however they were unable to escape their fate and eventually succumbed to it. Oedipus’ truths are similar to Hally’s in several ways. First Hally realizes he is more like his father then he wanted to admit and in the end he just started the cycle of his fathers negative beliefs and attitudes all over again.Oedipus like Hally is also destined to become like his fat her, he follows in his fathers footsteps first by running from a prophecy then eventually following him to his own ruin. While Oedipus’ knowledge is more literal then Hally’s both men commit actions that have severe consequences leading them to the truths they uncover about themselves. Hally’s actions of taking his anger and frustration out on Sam causes his true ideals to come out. When he begins to act out the audience is shown just how much he really thinks like his father.Despite his best efforts to show that he believes things can change in the dynamics between whites and blacks, it is really not a strongly held idea as the beliefs of his father, that he as a white man is superior to his black help. The words he says to Sam can never be taken back and forever shifts the relationship between him and Sam, no longer friends they are now master and servant. Oedipus also deals with a similar problem. He also commits actions that completely change the shape of hi s life and can never be taken back. Like Hally Oedipus wants to change is fate.Where Hally does so by trying to be friends with Sam and Willie, Oedipus does this by leaving home putting as much distance as he can between himself and the man he believed to be his father. However like Hally, Oedipus in the end realizes that consequences for his actions. Killing King Laios and then marrying his queen are actions that have dire consequences for Oedipus and like Hally’s they can never be undone. While both Hally and Oedipus try to fight their fate and both commit actions that forever alter their futures, they come about in very different ways.Oedipus deals with his fate in a more literal way. Oedipus learns the prophecy he had feared his whole life was actually true by the realization that he did murder is father and marry his mother. These physical actions lead to Oedipus’ downfall and are permanent. Hally, on the other hand, comes to learn the truth about himself, that he is like his father, by his actions toward Sam. While no less severe they are more emotionally damaging and speak to the relationship Sam and he tried to have but wound up losing because of the fight.This is damaging but not quite as physical as what Oedipus went through. Throughout each story we see the evolution of the characters from their naive beginnings to the painful realization of who they truly are. Both characters come to several truths about themselves during their respective stories, in both cases their truths have significant effects. Oedipus’ knowledge leads him to his own downfall in order to save his kingdom from certain death. Hally’s truths about himself has a more hidden effect that is very significant and the true meaning behind the play.Hally’s actions during his fight with Sam causes a divide between them that is irreparable, it is the effect of this rift that is most significant. Throughout the play we see several instances of imagery used to describe the world the characters are living in and here is no different. The argument between Hally and Sam causes the same â€Å"dance† to continue. This dance is a symbol for the beliefs held by Hally’s father and the world they live in. By acting the way he did toward Sam, Hally is causing the imperfect dance to continue on.The effect of Hally’s actions causes him to start becoming more like his father then he wanted but cannot avoid. In both â€Å"Oedipus Rex† and â€Å"Master Harold and the Boys† we see several instances of the main characters moving from ignorance to knowledge. While they gained insight into themselves it came at a price. For Harold it was the loss of his innocence and a bleak look at his future with Sam and Willie, with Oedipus it was the loss of everything he thought he had and his own painful exile.Each character tried to fight their fate, Oedipus literally by trying to flee the seer’s prophecy and Hally by doi ng the exact opposite of his father and befriending Sam and Willie. No matter the path they took each eventually succumb to their destiny and was forced to learn more about themselves then they wanted. Despite the painful ending it was a journey they were meant to be on. Works Cited Fugard, Athol. â€Å"’Master Harold’†¦and the Boys†. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2006. Print. Sophocles. â€Å"Oedipus Rex†. Trans. Fitts, Dudley & Fitzgerald, Robert. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2006. Print.

Friday, September 13, 2019

First Council of Nicaea Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

First Council of Nicaea - Assignment Example Arianism thus did not believe in the Holy Trinity (three equal persons in one God) as mainstream Christianity did. â€Å"Indeed, even though there may be so-called gods in heaven or on earth — as in fact there are many gods and many lords — yet for us there is one God (Gk. theos - ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ µÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š), the Father, from whom are all things and for whom we exist, and one Lord (kyrios - ÃŽ ºÃâ€¦Ã ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š), Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we exist.† (NRSV) The controversy was submitted for decision to all the Christian bishops at the First Council of Nicaea, which is generally regarded as the First Ecumenical Council. The Council decided overwhelmingly to uphold the divinity of Christ. The vote of an estimated 250-318 attendees was nearly unanimous to adopt the view that Christ was God as well as man, with only three voting for the Arian position that Christ was not God. The Arian teaching thus became

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Healing hospital paradigm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healing hospital paradigm - Essay Example Healing hospitals avail a healing culture that aids patients to feel safe and comfortable. For instance, Mercy Gilbert Medical Centre focuses on delivering a healing facility, reinforced by a healing environment and healing culture grounded in three essential elements, namely: a healing physical milieu, the incorporation of work plan and environment, and a tradition of radical loving care. A Healing Physical Environment This concept dwells on healthcare personnel care for patients, in addition to the manner, in which healthcare personnel connect with the patient’s families and other caregivers. This encompasses developing an empathetic, affectionate, and gratifying setting that is calm and stress free. As a result, the loving, calm, and satisfying environment enables the patients and their families to manage tension accompanying their infirmity (Chapman, 2003). Hospitals should promote a serene environment that is free from physical turbulence such as strange sound or dull arr angement of hospital settings. The Integration of Work Design and Technology This element details the combination of work design and technology allows the medical providers to carry out their tasks more proficiently, besides providing confidentiality and security to the patients. The implementation of sophisticated technology aids in facilitating and sustaining a healing environment (Hutchinson, 2011). A Culture of Radical Loving Care This philosophy facilitates and reinforces the healing of patients through an all encompassing orientation that satisfies the patient’s bodily, psychological, and spiritual needs. Healing Hospital Paradigm Relationship to Spirituality Spirituality  infers an individual’s experience of meaning and purpose in life, a sense of association with people and things in the world. Healing is mainly spiritual, intangible, and experiential, comprising of integration of body, mind, and spirit (Puchalski & McSkimming, 2006). The integration avails t he individual with a sense of peace. Spirituality encompasses a belief system centering on intangible elements that convey vitality and meaning to life’s events. Spirituality is one of the significant factors that positively influence a patient’s potential health since the body, mind, and spirit work as one. Individuals are cared for and afforded support for not only their medical well being, but also their emotional and spiritual health. Challenges of Creating a Healing Environment Healthcare personnel mainly  diagnose and treat diseases, and may possess few skills on how to respond to the spiritual side of the patients. Furthermore, ethical practice demands that the physicians refrain from impinging their beliefs on patients. Acting within the boundaries of medical ethics, while responding to the spirituality of patients, may be a significant challenge to healthcare personnel. Similarly, the American culture of religious pluralism provides a broad range of belief s ystems and the physicians may not be expected to comprehend all the beliefs systems and practices of the diverse faith communities. Other challenges reported involve developing strategies to aid healthcare providers to differentiate spiritual care from  excellent customer service. There is a thin line between customer service

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Ethics7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics7 - Assignment Example The potential liabilities facing APNs are discussed in the following part. This is considered a nurse’s liability if he or she fails to monitor and assess a change in the patient’s condition and refer it to the patient’s physician. To provide optimal patient care, it is required that nurses have appropriate knowledge, skills and positive attitudes toward pain, its assessment and management. Furthermore, this should be based on the best available evidence in preventing patients from suffering harm (NMC, 2008). It is unacceptable for APNs to have inadequate knowledge about pain or patient to experience unmanaged pain. This is considered a poor understanding of their profession in this aspect of care, and thus held accountable if it happens (Diamond, 2002). The management in a bid to prevent this liability may undertake to teach the staff on the importance of pain management and steps involved. In this case pain can be incorporated as a compulsory component, aimed at equipping nurses with knowledge, skills and attitude to undertake proper pain assessment and management. Since this has worked elsewhere, Wilson perceives the result of this as patients receiving higher standard of pain assessment and management and thus reduce the incidences of unnecessary suffering and prevent potential liabilities (2007). These involve transcription and administrative errors by the APN. Medication errors can cause harm to patients, practitioners, families, systems and the profession. Medical errors may be human-performance based or system based. According to a report in the Archives Internal Medicine, nurses who are interrupted while administering medication have an increased risk of making medication errors. Modest strategies to help reduce interruptions may include easy access to whiteboards or other sources of information. Nurses could were vests with â€Å"do not interrupt" messages on them while conducting medication rounds. This entails failing to notify the

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Educational Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Educational Change - Assignment Example Every person has one or more disabilities. It might be physical or psychological disability. One of the main reasons of learning disabilities is the lack of concentration. Student's thoughts divert very easily. They could not keep up their concentration level up to the mark. Short-term memory is also one of the reasons. Some of them were unable to remember previous days lessons or unable to grasp features of learned lessons quickly. Due to the above-mentioned reasons teachers should be responsible towards the students. The best way to teach is to give students a way in which they grasp easily. Here comes the usage of technology where graphical user interface systems can be used to make students understand the subjects easily. They should employ different teaching methods so that students could easily grasp the subject. Student oriented and student concentric activities should be encouraged. Assessing student's abilities and disabilities is the major factor and teachers should strive to identify these issues. By identifying their strengths and weaknesses one can easily work on these issues. Self-confidence plays an important role in everyone's lives. It is the deciding factor that decides a winner and a loser. Like in any other department catering department also needs to work on the above-mentioned reasons so that most of the students were benefited. The classes were conducted as per the schedule. Eight students a day attend the classes on different days of a week. Each batch of the students has to attend classes 4 days a week. Classes had been classified into theory and practical. During these 4 days 3 hours of practical lessons and 1 hour of theory lessons would be conducted.More number of hours was allotted to practical lessons because students could gain hands on experience with the tools and the methods that would be employed during the course process. Theory lessons were also as important as practical lessons. In theory classes discussions would be held, future plans could be discussed and many other things could be employed. COMPLEXITY Students attending these classes may suffer from learning disabilities. The onus is on lecturers or on the teaching staff. They should shoulder the responsibility of improving student's abilities and make them believe in themselves.For example in catering care should be taken about following health standards. The students should be taught about the basic heath, safety and hygiene rules. The teaching staffs have to ensure that every student follows the safety standards prescribed by the health department. Negligence regarding health and standards should be treated severely. If violated counselling of students should be conducted. All the safety measures should be up to date and checks has to be done on safety equipment. Since kitchen is not a safe place first aid and emergency telephone numbers should be kept in an easily accessible place.In theory classes teachers should employ different methods of teaching so that students can grasp easily. There should a constant interaction betwe en student and teacher. This kind of interaction eases the tension in the classroom and student feels at home and shows signs of interest in the subject. PRACTICALITY Manufacturing and maintenance industry has been flourishing in the Internet era. These computers along with the

Monday, September 9, 2019

Welfare policies in relation to people with disabilities tend to focus Essay

Welfare policies in relation to people with disabilities tend to focus on what people with disabilities are unable to do rather than what they can do - Essay Example The policies of states for people with disabilities usually reflect the level at which the needs of these people are respected by the local society. However, again problems and delays are identified in the development of these policies in practice. Most commonly, the welfare policies for people with disabilities focus on what these people are unable to do – rather on what they can actually do. This problem is reviewed and analyzed in this paper. Reference is made to the level at which welfare policies address the actual needs of people with disabilities; the barriers that these policies have to face are also presented aiming to show the reason why the policies referring to the needs and the rights of people with disabilities are based on these peoples’ inabilities rather and not on their potential/ capabilities. It is concluded that the specific strategy – using this criterion for developing the welfare policies for people with disabilities – can be explai ned using different approaches. These approaches are differentiated in each country; however, similarities exist on which the relevant explanations can be based. Another important finding of this study has been the fact that this trend – focusing on these people’s inabilities – seems to be expanded, probably because specific interests are served, as explained analytically below. It should be noted that the criteria used by the legislators when developing policies related to the needs/ interests of people with disabilities are not standardized; the political characteristics of each country – as these characteristics are changed through the decades – are of crucial importance for deciding on the terms under which disabled people will be supported (Chaudhary 2006, p.12). However, often the reasons for which welfare policies refer to the inabilities rather than the abilities/ skills of disabled persons are independent from the political and social ethi cs and trends – for instance, when these policies are applied across a particular organization, the criteria on which these policies are based cannot be controlled using the common ethical rules (Krieger, 2003); this issue is also explored in this study at the level that it helps to understand the trend of welfare policies to focus on the inabilities of disabled persons. 2. Welfare policies for people with disabilities – why these policies tend to focus on what people with disabilities are unable to do rather than what they can do The welfare policies developed within each society are usually related with the local social needs and culture; however, infrastructure available for the relevant policies is also considered to have a critical role in deciding the welfare policies that would be most appropriate for a specific country. On the other hand, the increase of the number of people with disabilities who do not work (Cousins, 2007, p.252) leads to the assumption that m ore funds are required for the financial support of these people; the identification of these funds can be a challenging task for a government – especially in periods of financial crisis and in countries that face severe financial turbulences – like Ireland; the deterioration of a country’s economy can be used as a justification for the limitation of the financial support provided by the state to people with disabilities. In countries where the support provided to disabled people has been traditionally related to the social ethics, the challenges that the local government has to face for retrieving the relevant funds are more; for instance